Ch. 16
That we ought with caution to enter into familiar
intercourse with men.
IF a man has frequent intercourse with others either for
talk, or drinking together, or generally for social purposes,
he must either become like them, or change them to his
[p. 237]
own fashion. For if a man places a piece of quenched
charcoal close to a piece that is burning, either the
quenched charcoal will quench the other, or the burning
charcoal will light that which is quenched. Since then
the danger is so great, we must cautiously enter into
such intimacies with those of the common sort, and
remember that it is impossible that a man can keep com-
pany with one who is covered with soot without being
partaker of the soot himself. For what will you do
f a man speaks about gladiators, about horses, about
athletes, or what is worse about men? Such a person is
bad, such a person is good: this was well done, this was
done badly. Further, if he scoff, or ridicule, or show an
ill-natured disposition? Is any man among us prepared
like a lute-player when he takes a lute, so that as soon as
he has touched the strings, he discovers which are dis-
cordant, and tunes the instrument? such a power as
Socrates had who in all his social intercourse could lead
his companions to his own purpose? How should you
have this power? It is therefore a necessary consequence
that you are carried about by the common kind of people.
Why then are they more powerful than you? Because
they utter these useless words from their real opinions:
but you utter your elegant words only from your lips; for
this reason they are without strength and dead, and it is
nauseous513 to listen to your exhortations and your miserable virtue, which is talked of every where (up and down).
In this way the vulgar have the advantage over you: for
every opinion (δόγμα) is strong and invincible. Until then
the good (κομψαί) sentiments (ὑπολήψεις) are fixed in you,
and you shall have acquired a certain power for your
security, I advise you to be careful in your association
with common persons: if you are not, every day like wax
in the sun there will be melted away whatever you
inscribe on your minds in the school. Withdraw then
yourselves far from the sun so long as you have these
waxen sentiments. For this reason also philosophers
advise men to leave their native country, because antient
habits distract them and do not allow a beginning to be
[p. 238]
made of a different habit; nor can we tolerate those who
meet us and say: See such a one is now a philosopher,
who was once so and so. Thus also physicians send those
who have lingering diseases to a different country and a
different air; and they do right. Do you also introduce
other habits than those which you have: fix your opinions
and exercise yourselves in them. But you do not so: you
go hence to a spectacle, to a show of gladiators, to a place
of exercise (ξυστόν), to a circus; then you come back
hither, and again from this place you go to those places,
and still the same persons. And there is no pleasing (good)
habit, nor attention, nor care about self and observation of
this kind, How shall I use the appearances presented to
me? according to nature, or contrary to nature? how do I
answer to them? as I ought, or as I ought not? Do I say
to those things which are independent of the will, that
they do not concern me? For if you are not yet in this
state, fly from your former habits, fly from the common
sort, if you intend ever to begin to be something.