Works


Works
By Epictetus
Edited by: George Long

London George Bell and Sons 1890



Perseus Documents Collection Table of Contents



Arrian's Discourses of Epictetus
   Arrian to Lucius Gellius, with wishes for his happiness.
   Of the things which are in our power, and not in our power.
   How a man on every occasion can maintain his proper character.
   How a man should proceed from the principle of god being the father of all men to the rest.
   Of progress or improvement.
   Against the academics.
   Of Providence.
   Of the use of sophistical arguments and hypothetical and the like.
   That the faculties57 are not safe to the uninstructed
   How from the fact that we are akin to God a man may proceed to the consequences.
   Against those who eagerly seek preferment at Rome.
   Of natural affection.
   Of contentment.
   How everything may be done acceptably to the gods.
   That the deity oversees all things.
   What philosophy promises.
   Of Providence.
   That the logical art is necessary.
   That we ought not to be angry with the errors (faults) of others.
   How we should behave to tyrants.
   About reason, how it contemplates itself.
   Against those who wish to be admired.
   On praecognitions.
   Against Epicurus.
   How we should struggle with circumstances.
   On the same.
   What is the law of life.
   In how many ways appearances exist, and what aids we should provide against them.
   That we ought not to be angry with men; and what are the small and the great things among men.
   On constancy (or firmness).
   What we ought to have ready in difficult circumstances.
   That confidence (courage) is not inconsistent with caution.
   Of tranquillity (freedom from perturbation).
   To those who recommend persons to philosophers.
   Against a person who had once been detected in adultery.
   How magnanimity is consistent with care.
   Of indifference.
   How we ought to use divination.
   What is the nature (ἡ οὐσία) of the Good
   That when we cannot fulfil that which the character of a man promises, we assume the character of a philosopher.
   How we may discover the duties of life from names.
   What the beginning of philosophy is.
   Of disputation or discussion.
   On anxiety (solicitude).
   To Naso.
   To or against those who obstinately persist in what they have determined.
   That we do not strive to use our opinions about good and evil.
   How we must adapt preconceptions to particular cases.
   How we should struggle against appearances.
   Against those who embrace philosophical opinions only in words.
   Against the Epicureans and Academics.
   Of inconsistency.
   On friendship.
   On the power of speaking.
   To (or against) a person who was one of those who were not valued (esteemed) by him.
   That logic is necessary.
   What is the property of error.
   Of finery in dress.
   In what a man ought to be exercised who has made proficiency;441 and that we neglect the chief things.
   What is the matter on which a good man should be employed, and in what we ought chiefly to practise ourselves.
   Against a person who showed his partizanship in an unseemly way in a theatre.
   Against those who on account of sickness go away home.
   Miscellaneous.
   To the administrator of the free cities who was an Epicurean.
   How we must exercise ourselves against appearances (φαντασίας).
   To a certain rhetorician who was going up to Rome on a suit.
   In what manner we ought to bear sickness.
   Certain miscellaneous matters
   About exercise.
   What solitude is, and what kind of person a solitary man is.
   Certain miscellaneous matters.
   That we ought to proceed with circumspection to every thing.
   That we ought with caution to enter into familiar intercourse with men.
   On Providence.
   That we ought not to be disturbed by any news.
   What is the condition of a common kind of man and of a philosopher.
   That we can derive advantage from all external things.
   Against those who readily come to the profession of sophists.
   About Cynism.
   To those who read and discuss for the sake of ostentation.
   That we ought not to be moved by a desire of those things which are not in our power.
   To those who fall off (desist) from their purpose.
   To those who fear want.
   About freedom.
   On familiar intimacy.
   What things we should exchange for other things.
   To those who are desirous of passing life in tranquillity.
   Against the quarrelsome and ferocious.
   Against those who lament over being pitied.
   On freedom from fear.
   Against those who hastily rush into the use of the philosophic dress.
   To a person who had been changed to a character of shamelessness.
   What things we ought to despise, and what things we ought to value.
   About purity (cleanliness).
   On attention
   Against or to those who readily tell their own affairs.

The Encheiridion, or Manual.

Fragments of Epictetus

Some fragments of Epictetus omitted by Upton and by Meibomius.

Index.

Advertisements
   WORKS BY GEORGE LONG, M. A.
   THE THOUGHTS OF THE EMPEROR M. AURELIUS ANTONINUS. Translated. Revised Edition, Post 8vo., 3s. 6d.
   CATALOGUE OF BOHN'S LIBRARIES.
   BOHN'S LIBRARIES.
   STANDARD LIBRARY.
   HISTORICAL LIBRARY.
   PHILOSOPHICAL LIBRARY.
   THEOLOGICAL LIBRARY.
   ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY.
   ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY.
   CLASSICAL LIBRARY.
   TRANSLATIONS FROM THE GREEK AND LATIN.
   COLLEGIATE SERIES.
   SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY.
   ECONOMICS AND FINANCE.
   REFERENCE LIBRARY.
   NOVELISTS' LIBRARY.
   ARTISTS' LIBRARY.
   LIBRARY OF SPORTS AND GAMES.
   BOHN'S CHEAP SERIES.
   Bohn's Select Library of Standard Works.

Arrian's Discourses of Epictetus
   Arrian to Lucius Gellius, with wishes for his happiness.
   Of the things which are in our power, and not in our power.
   How a man on every occasion can maintain his proper character.
   How a man should proceed from the principle of god being the father of all men to the rest.
   Of progress or improvement.
   Against the academics.
   Of Providence.
   Of the use of sophistical arguments and hypothetical and the like.
   That the faculties57 are not safe to the uninstructed
   How from the fact that we are akin to God a man may proceed to the consequences.
   Against those who eagerly seek preferment at Rome.
   Of natural affection.
   Of contentment.
   How everything may be done acceptably to the gods.
   That the deity oversees all things.
   What philosophy promises.
   Of Providence.
   That the logical art is necessary.
   That we ought not to be angry with the errors (faults) of others.
   How we should behave to tyrants.
   About reason, how it contemplates itself.
   Against those who wish to be admired.
   On praecognitions.
   Against Epicurus.
   How we should struggle with circumstances.
   On the same.
   What is the law of life.
   In how many ways appearances exist, and what aids we should provide against them.
   That we ought not to be angry with men; and what are the small and the great things among men.
   On constancy (or firmness).
   What we ought to have ready in difficult circumstances.
   That confidence (courage) is not inconsistent with caution.
   Of tranquillity (freedom from perturbation).
   To those who recommend persons to philosophers.
   Against a person who had once been detected in adultery.
   How magnanimity is consistent with care.
   Of indifference.
   How we ought to use divination.
   What is the nature (ἡ οὐσία) of the Good
   That when we cannot fulfil that which the character of a man promises, we assume the character of a philosopher.
   How we may discover the duties of life from names.
   What the beginning of philosophy is.
   Of disputation or discussion.
   On anxiety (solicitude).
   To Naso.
   To or against those who obstinately persist in what they have determined.
   That we do not strive to use our opinions about good and evil.
   How we must adapt preconceptions to particular cases.
   How we should struggle against appearances.
   Against those who embrace philosophical opinions only in words.
   Against the Epicureans and Academics.
   Of inconsistency.
   On friendship.
   On the power of speaking.
   To (or against) a person who was one of those who were not valued (esteemed) by him.
   That logic is necessary.
   What is the property of error.
   Of finery in dress.
   In what a man ought to be exercised who has made proficiency;441 and that we neglect the chief things.
   What is the matter on which a good man should be employed, and in what we ought chiefly to practise ourselves.
   Against a person who showed his partizanship in an unseemly way in a theatre.
   Against those who on account of sickness go away home.
   Miscellaneous.
   To the administrator of the free cities who was an Epicurean.
   How we must exercise ourselves against appearances (φαντασίας).
   To a certain rhetorician who was going up to Rome on a suit.
   In what manner we ought to bear sickness.
   Certain miscellaneous matters
   About exercise.
   What solitude is, and what kind of person a solitary man is.
   Certain miscellaneous matters.
   That we ought to proceed with circumspection to every thing.
   That we ought with caution to enter into familiar intercourse with men.
   On Providence.
   That we ought not to be disturbed by any news.
   What is the condition of a common kind of man and of a philosopher.
   That we can derive advantage from all external things.
   Against those who readily come to the profession of sophists.
   About Cynism.
   To those who read and discuss for the sake of ostentation.
   That we ought not to be moved by a desire of those things which are not in our power.
   To those who fall off (desist) from their purpose.
   To those who fear want.
   About freedom.
   On familiar intimacy.
   What things we should exchange for other things.
   To those who are desirous of passing life in tranquillity.
   Against the quarrelsome and ferocious.
   Against those who lament over being pitied.
   On freedom from fear.
   Against those who hastily rush into the use of the philosophic dress.
   To a person who had been changed to a character of shamelessness.
   What things we ought to despise, and what things we ought to value.
   About purity (cleanliness).
   On attention
   Against or to those who readily tell their own affairs.

The Encheiridion, or Manual.

Fragments of Epictetus

Some fragments of Epictetus omitted by Upton and by Meibomius.

Index.

Advertisements
   WORKS BY GEORGE LONG, M. A.
   THE THOUGHTS OF THE EMPEROR M. AURELIUS ANTONINUS. Translated. Revised Edition, Post 8vo., 3s. 6d.
   CATALOGUE OF BOHN'S LIBRARIES.
   BOHN'S LIBRARIES.
   STANDARD LIBRARY.
   HISTORICAL LIBRARY.
   PHILOSOPHICAL LIBRARY.
   THEOLOGICAL LIBRARY.
   ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY.
   ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY.
   CLASSICAL LIBRARY.
   TRANSLATIONS FROM THE GREEK AND LATIN.
   COLLEGIATE SERIES.
   SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY.
   ECONOMICS AND FINANCE.
   REFERENCE LIBRARY.
   NOVELISTS' LIBRARY.
   ARTISTS' LIBRARY.
   LIBRARY OF SPORTS AND GAMES.
   BOHN'S CHEAP SERIES.
   Bohn's Select Library of Standard Works.


Funded by The Annenberg CPB/Project

 

Index.



Book 0

Ch. 0

ACADEMICS, the, 17

, the folly of the, 171, 172

the, cannot blind their own senses though they have tried, 176

Achilles, 40

Act, every, consider what it is, 381

Acts which bear testimony to a man's words, 94

, indolence and indifference as to, Epictetus blames, 130

Actor in a play, man an, 386

Admetus, father of, 242

Administrator of all things, the proof that there is an, 144

Adonis, gardens of, 356

Adultery, 107

Affect, an, how it is produced, 202

Affection, natural, 37

Affectionate, how to become, 277

Agamemnon and Achilles, quarrel of, 191

Ἀγγαρεία, a press, 305

Agrippinus, Paconius, 7, 9, 417

Alcibiades, 200

Alexander and Menelaus, 179

and Hephaestion, 178

Aliptic art, the, 136

Anaxagoras, 114

Ανέχου καὶ Ἀπέχου, 439

Animals, what they are made for, 50

Annonae, Praefectus, 35

Antipater, 136

Antisthenes, Xenophon, and Plato, 157, 158

, noble saying of, 342

made Diogenes free, 278

Anxiety, on, 136

Anytus and Melitus, 88

Ἀφορμαί, 22

Ἀποτειχίζειν, 307

Appearances, φαντασίαι, right use of, 4, 20, 45, 64

, and the aids to be provided against them, 80

, we act according to, 86

, the nature of Good and also of Evil is in the use of, 97

, the faculty of understanding the use of, 118

drive away reason, 161

lead on; and must be resisted, 161

, right use of free from re- straint, 167

often disturb and perplex, 176

, how we must exercise our- selves against, 218

should be examined, 380

Aqueduct, Marcian, at Rome, 150

Archedemus, 108

Archelaus and Socrates, 436

Archimedes, 421

Arguments, sophistical, 23, 25

Argument, he who is strong in, 193

Aristides, 415

and Evenus, 358

Aristophanes and Socrates, 369, 480

Arnobius, 440

Arrian, 1

Arrogance, self-conceit, οἰησις, 28

and distrust, 233

, boasting, and pride, advice [p. 442] against, 286, 384 337, 394, 395, 399

Assent, cause of, 83

to that which appears false cannot be compelled, 253

Asses, shod, 306

Attention, on, 372

Aversion, ἔκκλισις, 54

Babbler, a, 376, 377

Bath, the, 68

Beauty, 195, 196

where it is, 370

Beggars, remarks on, 290

Belief cannot be compelled, 304

Best men, the, 434

Body, the, could not be made free from hindrance, 309

and spirit must be separated, 99

, the, an instrument used by another power, 424

Books, what used for, 327

a few better than many, 79

Brotherhood of men, 46

Butler, Bp., 3, 134, 198, 326, 338, 348, 350

Caesar's friend is not happy, 300

Cages, birds kept in, by the Romans, 297

Carystus and Taenarum, marbles of, 422

Cassiope or Cassope, 213

Catechism of the Church of Eng- land, 410

Caution about familiar intercourse with men, 236 Character, on assuming a, above your strength, 398

Characters, different, cannot be mingled, 323

Christianity, Mrs. Carter's opinion of the power of, 234

Christians, promise of future happi- ness to, on certain conditions, 311

Chrysippus, 14, 17, 36, 43, 53, 54, 113, 402

the Pseudomenos of, 157

on Possibilities, 163

Chrysippus on the resolution of syllogisms, 188

and Antipater, 203

and Zeno, 358

Circumspection, on, 234

Circumstances, difficult, a lesson for, 96

show what men are, 70

Cleanliness, 368

Cleanthes, 31, 163, 404

an example of the pursuit of knowledge under difficulties, 292

Codicillus, a, 217

Colophon, the, 143

Common sense, 212

Company, behaviour in, 394, 396, 400

Conceit of thinking that we know something, 158

Confess, some things which a man will not, 173

Confession, general, of sins in the Prayer Book of the Church of England, 363

Conflagration, the great, 229

Conjunctive or complex axiom, 124

Conscience, τὸ συνειδός, power of, 262

Consciousness that he knows no- thing, a man who knows nothing ought to have the, 174

Contest unequal between a charm- ing young girl and a beginner in philosophy, 227

Contradictions, effect of demon- strating, 193

Convince himself, a power given to man to, 340

Courage and caution, 97, 98

and caution, when they are applicable, 101

Cowardice leads men to frequent divination, 117

Crates, a Cynic, and his wife, 260

Criton, Plato's Dialogue, named, 319

Cynic, the true; his office corre- sponds to the modem teacher of religion, 250 [p. 443]

Cynic, a, does not wish to hide anything, 250

the true, a messenger from Zeus, 250

the father of all men and women, 261

Cynic's ruling faculty must be pure, 262

power of endurance, 263

Cynic, the, sent by God as an ex- ample, 355

Cynism, a man must not attempt it without God, 248

, on, 248

Daemon, every man's, 48

Darkness, men seek, to conceal their acts, 249

Death, 81

, fear of, 54

or pain, and the fear of pain or death, 98

what a man should be doing when death surprises him, 209

, what it is, 230, 282

exhortation to receive it thankfully, 310

and birth, how viewed by, a savage tribe, 335

the resolution of the matter of the body into the things of which it was composed, 347

a man must be found doing something when it comes; and what it should be, 361

when it comes, what Epictetus wishes to be able to say to God, 362

is the harbour for all, 364

should be daily before a man's eyes, 387

Demetrius, a Cynic, 75

Demonstration. what it is; and con- tradiction, 189, 190

De Morgan's Formal Logic, 28

Design, 19

Desire of things impossible is foolish, 272

Desires, consequences of, 358

Desire and aversion, what they are, 380

Determinations, right, only should be maintained, 145

Deviation, every, comes from some- thing which is in man's nature, 371

Dialectic, to be learned last, 291

Difficulties, our, are about external things, 360

Diodorus Cronus, 162

Diogenes, 71, 139, 203, 226, 369, 418

when he was asked for letters of recommendation, 106

and Philip, 250

in a fever, 256

a friend of Antisthenes, 257

and the Cynics of Epictetus' time, 260

his personal appearance, 261

, how he loved mankind, 278

Diogenes'opinion on freedom, 298

Diogenes and Antisthenes, 312

free, 317, 318

and Heraclitus, 385

Dion of Prusa, 266

Dirty persons, not capable of being improved, 370

Disputation or discussion, 133

Divination, 116, 393

Diviner, internal, 116

Doctors, travelling, 280

Domitian banishes philosophers from Rome, 71

Door, the open, 72, 99

Duty, what is a man's, 112

to God and to our neighbour, 410

Duties of life discovered from names, 127

of marriage, begetting chil- dren and other, 216

are measured by relations (σχέσεσι), 392

Education, Epictetus knew what it ought to be, 53, 58

what it is, 67

what ought to be the purpose of, 245 [p. 444]

Ηγεμονικόν, τὸ, the governing faculty, 49, 332

, the ruling faculty, described, 351

Encheiridion, 1

End, man's true, 20

End, every thing that we do ought to be referred to an, 264

Enthymema, 28

Envy, the notion of; Socrates and Bp. Butler, 134

Epaminoidas, 415

Epaphroditus, 6, 62, 78

Epictetus, 1, 2, 220

and the style of the Gospels, 13

, mistake of, 31

misunderstood, 56, 311

and the New Testament writers, resemblances between, 93

extravagant assertion of, 114

perhaps confounds Jews and Christians, 126

how he could know what God is, 141

what was the effect of his teaching, 149

disclaims knowledge of certain things, 82, 163

his purpose in teaching, 166

great good sense of, in educa- tion, 245

some unwise remarks of, 289, 293

affirms that a man cannot be compelled to assent to that which seems to him to be false, 303

advises not to do as your friend does simply because he is your friend, 322

what reflections he recom- mends, 344

misunderstood by Mrs. Carter, 365

Epictetus' advice as to giving pain to an enemy, 430

Epictetus, wise sayings of, 436

Epicurus, 69, 417

doctrines of, 65, 66

the opinions of, 125

Epicurus, his opinions disproved, 168, 169

his opinion of honesty, 179

on the end of our being, and other works of, 185

Epicurus' opinion of injustice, 214

Epicureans and Academics, 167

Epicureans and catamites, 274

Epicurean, an, 213

Epirus, governor of, 207

Eriphyle and Amphiaraus, 181

Error, the property of, 192

Errors of others, we should not be angry with the, 56

Eteocies and Polynices, 177, 337

Eucharist in the Church of England service, 120

Euphrates, the philosopher, 235

did not act well for the sake of the spectators, 353

Euripides, 113, 178, 404

Euripides' Medea, 83

Euripides, fragment of, on death, 336

the great storehouse of noble thoughts, 361

Events, all, how to use, 383

Evidence, the assertion that all things are incapable of sure, 167

Evil, the origin of, is the abuse of rationality and liberty, 123

the, in everything, is that which is contrary to the nature of the thing, 313

the nature of, does not exist in the world, 390

to men, the cause of all their, is the being unable to adapt the preconceptions (προλήψεις) to the several things, 299

Exercise, on, 225

Exercising himself, method of a man, 206

Externals to the will, 92

some according to nature, and others contrary, 111

men admire and are busy about, 148

, judgment from, fallacious, 352

things, that advantage can be derived from, 241 [p. 445]

Face, the, does not express the hidden character, 106

Faculty, rational, 3

ruling, 236

, the ruling, how restored to the original authority, 159

the ruling, the material for the wise and good man, 204

Faith and works, 354

False, impossibility of assenting to that which appears, 215

Familiar intimacy, on, 322

Faults, not possible for a man to be free from all, 374

Favorinus, 438

Fever, a goddess at Rome, 60, 68

Firmness in danger, 109

Fool, a, cannot be persuaded, 146

Forgiveness better than revenge, 419

Fragments of Epictetus, 405

Free persons only allowed to be educated, 100

Free, what is, 253, 254

, no bad man is, 295

, who are, the question an- swered, 301, 302

Freedom is obtained not by desires satisfied, but by removing desire, 322

and slavery, 406

Friendship, 176

the test of, 177

advice about, 181

what it depends on, 180

Epictetus' opinions of, 365

Galilaeans, 126, 345

Games, Greek, 287

Gellius, A., 438, 439

Gladiators, 91

Glorious objects in nature, the, 151

God, what is, 65

nature of; how far described by Epictetus, 118

, the works of, 122

, a guide, 117, 246

God's gifts, 23

God knows all things, 141

in man, 48

in man, an old doctrine, 119

God, the spirit of, in man, the doc- trine of Paul and of Epictetus, 120, 121

dwelling with a man, 428

Gods everywhere, 250

God's law about the Good, 87

law that the stronger is always superior to the weaker, 88, 89

God and man, kinship of, 30

and man, and male's opinions of God, 141, 142

address to, 152

the wise and good man's ad- dress to; and his submission to God's will, 284

beyond man's understanding, 21, 65

ought to be obeyed, 373

obedience to, the pleasure of, 285, 286

God's will, 330

will should be the measure of our desires, 156

will, absolute conformity to, taught by Epictetus, 308, 309

will, when resignation to it is perfect, Bp. Butler, 348

God, blaming, 166

God's power over all things, 46, 47

God, supposed limitation of his power, 340

, what a man should be able to say to, 209

, the father of all, 12, 23, 61

a friend of, 157

without, nothing should be attempted, 256

what he chooses is better than what man chooses, 348

and his administration of the world, those who blame, 254

God's existence, to deny, and eat his bread, 172

God only, looking to, and fixing your affections on him only, 153

has sent a man to show how a life under difficulties is possible, 254

has made all things perfect, [p. 446] and the parts of the universe for the use of the whole, 346

God and the gods, 12

Gods, various opinions on the, 41, 42

actions acceptable to the, 45

man must learn the nature of the, and try to be like them, 141

we ask for what they do not give, 408

Goethe, 19, 251

Gold tested by a certain stone, 419

Good and bad, each a certain kind of will, 87

bad, and things indifferent, 164

and evil consist in the will, intention, 130

could not exist without evil, 43

and evil; Chrysippus and Sim- plicius, 43

the, where it is, 253

, the nature (οὐσία) of, 118

man, a, not unhappy, 272

Gospel precepts which Christians do not observe, 289

Gyarus, Gyara, 75

Gyara, 284, 285, 330

Habit, how to oppose, 80

and faculty, how maintained and increased, 158, 159

how weakened and destroyed, 160

Habits must be opposed by contrary habits, 226, 227

Habit cherished by corresponding acts, 288

Halteres, 15, 327

Hand-kissing, 62

Handles, two, every thing has, 399

Happiness and desire of what is not present never come together, 272

, only one way to, 331

Harpaston, a ball, 110

Hearing, he who is fit for, moves the speaker, 192

Hector's address to Andromache,

Hellenes, quarrels among the,

Helvidius, Priscus, 10

Heraclitus, 229

and Zeno, 99

Hercules, 152, 161, 256, 361

Hippocrates, 154

Homer, what he meant when he wrote certain things, 366

Hope, Thales' opinion of, 424

Human intelligence is a part of the divine, 44

race, the, continuance of, how secured, 187

being, a, definition of 198

Hypocrite, the, 356

Hypothesis (ὑπόθεσις), 91

Ideas innate, of good and evil, 131

Idiotes, ἰδιώτης, the meaning of, 95

, ἰδιώτης, a common person, 240

Ignorance the cause of doing wrong, 78

Ignorant man, description of an, 190

Iliad, the, is only appearances and the use of appearances, 84

Immortality of the soul; Socrates and Epictetus, 231

Impressions, φαντασίαι, guard against, 397

Indifferent, things which are, 64

Indifference of things; of the things which are neither good nor bad, 112

Informers at Rome, 375

Initiated, the, μύσται, 310

Injustice, an act of, a great harm to the doer, 334

Inn, an, πανδοκεῖον, 187

Interest, self; and common interest or utility, 61

every animal attached to its own, 178

Invincible, how a man should be, 59

how a man can be, 386

Jesus, prayer of, 31

and Socrates compared by Baur, 321

and of Socrates, the death of. contrasted by Rousseau, 321 [p. 447]

Καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθός, 201

Know thyself, the maxim, 58, 197

thyself, the beginning of knowledge, 320

Know thyself, the precept written at Delphi, 437

Κόσμος, sense of, 282

Κύριος, the use of, 92

Laius, 197

Lateranus, Plautius, 6

Laticlave, the, 72

Law of life is the acting conform- ably to nature, 77

the divine, 150

Laws, the, sent from God, 325

Law, what it is, 350

nature of, 429

Learning and teaching, what they mean, 125

Levin's Lectures, 17, 80, 82

Liberty, what men do for, 321

Life and practice of the civilized world, the, 245

, human, a warfare, 273, 274

the science of, 303, 312

of the dead rests in the re- membrance of the living, 320

Lions, tame, 297

Logic is necessary, proof that, 192

Logical art is necessary, the, 52

Love, a divine power, 316

Loves mankind, who, 407

Love, to, is only in the power of the wise, 176

Lycurgus, 170, 415

Lycurgus' generous behaviour, 419

Man and other animals, 5, 20

and beasts, how distinguished, 123

a spectator of God and his works, and an interpreter, 20

Man's powers, 73, 74, 182

Man, powers in often no exercised, 73

and a stork, the difference between, 85

what is a, 111

what is he? 123

Man is improved or destroyed by corresponding acts, 124

, a, who has looked after every thing rather than what he ought, 143

Man supposed to consist of a soul and a body, 252

Man's own, what it is, 277

Man, for what purpose God intro- duced him into the world, 310, 311

, character of a, who is a fool and a beast, 336

Man's nature is to seek the Good; and Bp. Butler's opinion, 338

, a, opinions only make his soul impregnable, 337

great faculties, 316

Man is that power which uses the parts of his body and understands the appearances of things, 350

a, contemptible when he is unable to do any good, 420

Manumission, 100

Marry, not to; and not to engage in public affairs, were Epicurean doctrines, 215

Marriage, 187

the Roman censor Metellus on, 187

Paul's opinion of; and the different opinion of Epictetus, 258

of a minister of God, in the opinion of Epictetus in the pre- sent state of things, 259

the true nature of, not under stood by Paul, 317

Massurius and Cassius, Roman lawyers, 825

Masters, our, those who have the power over the things which we love and hate and fear, 302

Materials, ὕλαι, are neither good nor bad, 108

Matthew, c. vi., 31, 33

Measure of every act, 84

Medea, 155

Menoeceus, 242 [p. 448]

Milesiaca, 358

Money not the best thing, 388

Murrhina vasa, 221

Names, examination of, the begin- ning of education, 53

a man must first understand, 142

Nature, acting according to, 37, 38

power of, 169

, following; a manner of speak- ing, just and true, Bp. Butler, 198

living, according to; Zeno's principle, 198

of man, 313

of every thing which pleases or supplies a want, consider what is the, 381

, the will of, how known, 389

, the, of evil does not exist in the world, 390

Nero, 9

, coins of, 335

News, not to be disturbed by, 239

Nicias, 420

Nicopolis, 63, 71, 112, 174

Obstinacy, on, 144

Obstinate person who is persuaded to change his mind, instance of an, 145

Opinion, 162, 386

Opinions, right, the consequences of the destruction of, 85

put in practice which are con- trary to true opinions, 125

-disturb us, 150

about things independent of the will, 207

Opinion the cause of a man's acting, 219

, when the need of it comes, ought to be ready, 222

Opinions, the power of, 338

, right and wrong, and their consequences, 346

not things disturb-men, 381

fixed principles, how ac- quired, 420

Organs of sense and limbs are in- struments used by the living man, Bp. Butler, 350

Ὁρμή, 15

Ostentation, those who read and discuss for, 264

Οὐσία, 29, 87

, substance or nature of Good, 214

Nature of man cannot be altogether pure, 367

Paedagogue, a, 425

Pancratium, Pentathlon, 195

Paradoxes, paralogies, 76

Partisan, an unseemly, 207

Patronus, the Roman word, 221

Paul, imperfect quotation from, by Mrs. Carter, 243

and Epictetus contemporary, 283

and Epictetus do not agree about marriage, 317

Penalties for those who disobey the divine administration, 225

Perception, 82

Periodical renovation of things, 99

Peripatetics, the, 165

Persons who tell you all their affairs and wish to know yours, 375

Persuasion, a man has most power of, with himself, 359

Φαινόμενον, τὸ: Φαντασία, 86

Φαντασίαι, visa animi, 161

visa animi, Gellius, 439

Φαντασία, an imagination of things to come, which will bring good, 322

Phidias, 21, 121, 122

Philosophy, 387

, what it promises, 49, 230

, the beginning of, 79, 132

, should be practical, 315

, how to know that we have made progress in, 400

Philosopher, a, 401

the work of a, 140, 141

first business of a, 153

a real, described, 166

Philosophers in words only, 162 [p. 449]

Philosophers' rules applied to prac- tice, 328

Piety and a man's interest must be in the same thing, 81

and sanctity are good things, 170

to the Gods, what it is, 392

and a man's interest, how they are connected, 393

Pirate, how treated by a wise and good man, 427

Pittacus' teaching, that forgive- ness is better than revenge, 419

Plato and Hippocrates, 28

says that every soul is un- willingly deprived of the truth, 83

Plato's saying, 160

doctrine that every mind is de- prived of truth unwillingly, 181

Polity read by the women in Rome, 417

Pleasure, nature of, 416

Polemon and Xenocrates, 196

Polybius on the Roman state, 170

Polynices and Eteocles, 393

Poor, if, be content and happy, 410

Poverty and wealth, 411, 430

Practice in hearing, necessary for those who go to hear philoso- phers, 189

Praecognitions (προλήψεις), adapta- tion of, to particular cases, 66, 67

Preconception, πρόληψις, 8

Preconceptions, how fitted to the several things, 131

how to be adapted to their correspondent objects, 154

Principle, the ruling, of a bad man cannot be trusted, 180

Principles, general; and their ap- plication, 77

ought always to be in readi- ness, 105

Principle, the, on which depends every movement of man and God, 205

Principles, he who has great, knows his own powers, 357

Procrastination dangerous, 374

Προαιρετικὴ δύναμις, or προαίρεσις. in the larger sense, 183

Protagoras and Hippias, 211 Providence, 19, 41, 50, 51

, πρόνοια, 141

, on; προνοίας, περὶ, 238

Publicani, εἰκοστώναι, 298

Purity, cleanliness, a man is dis- tinguished from other animals by, 366

Pyrrho, 80

and the Academies, 81

Pyrrho's saying, 424

Pythagoras' golden verses, 222

Pythagoras, 344

Pythian God, the, 394

Quails, how used by the Greeks, 28'

Reading, Bp. Butler's remarks on 326

what ought to be the purpose of, 326, 331

Reason; reasoning, the purpose of, 24, 52, 64

power of communing with God, 30

how it contemplates itself, 63: not given to man for the pur- pose of misery, 271 Reasoning, 26 Recitations, houses lent for, 267

at Rome, 396

Reformation of manners produced by the Gospel, 149

Relations, three, between a man and other things, 141

Resurrection of Christ; and Paul's doctrine of man's resurrection, 283

of the body, various opinions of divines of the English Church on, 284

Riches and happiness, 409

Rings, golden, worn by the Roman Equites, 299

Rome, dependents wait on great men at, 331

Rufus, C. Musonius, 7, 27, 34, 212, 236, 268 [p. 450]

Rule, a, the value of, 86

Rules, by which things are tried, must be fixed; and then the rules may be applied, 133

Rules, certain, should be in readi- ness, 373

Sacred are the words by themselves, men say, 246

Sarpedon, son of Zeus, 91

Saturnalia, 74, 80, 302

Savigny on free will, 55

Sceptics, the, deny the knowledge and certainty of things, 81

Scholasticus, a, 41

School, who come to the, for the purpose of being improved? 174

the, with what mind it ought to be entered, 175

philosopher's, a surgery, 268

Secret matters require fidelity and corresponding opinions, 377

Seeming to be is not sufficient, 132

Self-knowledge, γνῶθι σεαυτόν, 256

Self-love, self-regard, 61

Sickness, how we ought to bear, 222, 223

Signal to quit life, God's, 89

, the, to retire, 99

the, to retreat, 293

Simplicius, 1

commentary of, on the En- cheiridion, 390, 404

Slave, a, why he wishes to be set free, 298

a, does not secure happiness by being made free, 298, 299

Socrates, 12, 30, 33, 41, 53, 76, 99, 101, 103, 104, 110, 115, 139, 160, 227, 228, 233, 237, 251, 267, 268, 284, 354, 400, 403

and his treatment by the Athenians, 88

preferred death to saying and doing things unworthy of him, 90

and the Phaedon of Plato, 95

taught that we must not do wrong for wrong, 129

Socrates, the method of, 134, 135

knew by what the rational soul is moved, 193

what he says to his judges, 197

Socrates did not profess to teach virtue, 210

imitators of, 217

loved his children, how, 277

Diogenes, and Cleanthes, as examples, 292

what he taught, 299

heroic acts of, 319

a brave soldier and a philo- sopher, 319

remembrance of what he did or said in his life, even more useful now, 320

in his prison wrote a hymn to Apollo, 329

avoided quarrels, 333

how he managed his house- hold, 338

, why he washed seldom, 369

, opinion on divination, 394

and Diogenes, 151, 247, 275, 349, 358

Solitary, he is not, who sees the great objects of nature, 231

Solitude, on, 228

Solon's wise sayings, 421

Sophists, against the, 244

Sorrow of another, how far Epictetus would endeavour to stop, 272

Souls, human, parts of God, 47

Soul, body and things external re- late to man's, 213

and body, severance of, no harm in the, 224

existence of the, independent of the body, perhaps not taught by Epictetus, 282

the probable opinion of Epic- tetus on the, 347

, the impurity of the, is her own bad judgments (opinions), 367

Speaking, the power of, 182

Spirit, πνεῦμα, 182

Sportulae, 363 [p. 451]

Stars, number of, neither even nor odd, 83

number of the, 147

Stobaeus, 405

Stoics, doctrine of the, 35

, the language of the, formed long before that of the New Testament writers, 93

Stoic opinions, the mere knowledge of, does not make a man a Stoic, 126

who is a, 165

Stoics taught that a man should live an active life, and should marry and beget children, 187

the, say one thing and do another, 215

practical teaching of the, 244

and the Pyrrhonists and Aca- demics, dispute between, 82

Sufferings useful, whether we choose or not, 288

Suicide, 32, 33

Superiors, the many can only imi- tate their, 207

Swedenborg, 47, 120, 123

Sympathy, Epictetus' opinion on, 385

Symposium of Xenophon, 135, 333

Teacher, fitness of, and ordering of a, 247

Ταυμάζειν, admirari, to overvalue, 87

Ταυμάζειν, admirari, 305

Τέλειν, Βούλεσθαι, 308, 384

Themistocles, 430

Theopompus, 154

Τεωρήματα, 403

Theorems, why they are said to be useless, 175

the use of, 220

Thermopylae, the Spartans who died at, 171

Thersites, 249

Things, bond of union among, 46

under the inspection of God, 46

the power of using and esti- muiting, 182

Things, a man is overpowered by before he is overpowered by a man, 279

some in our power and some not, 378, 435

not lost, but restored, 388

some, incomprehensible; and what is the use of them, if they are comprehended? 437

Thirty tyrants of Athens, the, 139

Thrasea, Paetus, 6

Three things in which a man should exercise himself, 201

Toreutic art, 216

Tranquil life, a, how secured, 382

Tranquillity, the product of virtue 14, 17

, of, 103

of mind and freedom, man should strive to attain, 152

to those who desire to pass life in, 325

Treasure, the, where it is, there the heart is also, 179

Trifles on which men employed themselves, 265, 269

Triumphs, Roman, 281

Truth, in, the nature of evil and good is, 104

414

the nature of, 432

Tyranny in the time of Epictetus, 96

under the Roman Emperors, 102

Ulysses and Hercules, 271

and Nausicaa, 294

Unbelievers, the creed of, 170

Unhappiness is a man's own fault, 270

Universe, 21

the nature of the, 431

Undust, that which is, a man cannot do without suffering for it, 312

Untaught, the, is a child in life, 241

Vespasian, 10

Victory, figure of, 121 [p. 452]

Virtue's reward is in the acts of virtue, 276

Virtue is its own reward, 360

Visa animi, Gellius, 439

Wealth, 409

, how gained, 421

What is a man? 123

Will, προαίρεσις, 6, 16, 23, 40, 45, 67

, 109

to act, 39, 67

cannot be compelled to assent, 54

things independent of the, are neither good nor bad, 62

good and evil in the, 73, 147

only conquers will, 88

the, nothing superior to the faculty of, 127

friendship depends on the, 179, 180

the faculty of the, and its powers, 182, 184

, perverted, 184

a faculty, and set over the other faculties, 184

when it is right, uses all the other faculties, 185

the cause of happiness, or of unhappiness, 186

the Good is in a right deter- mination of the, 205

doing something useful for the exercise of the, 209

Will, the, can only hinder or damage itself, 241

of the Cynic and his use of appearances, 263

things out of the power of the, 329

the, must be exercised, 359

man's, put by God in obe- dience to himself only, 373

of God, conformity to, 42

Woman, war about a handsome, 179

Women being common by nature; what does it mean? 107

slaves to, 296, 297

World, the, one city, 271

Wrong, a man never does. in one thing and suffers in another, 210

Xanthippe, the ill-tempered wife of Socrates, 338

and Socrates, 436

Xenocrates and Polemon, 370

Χύστρα, the Roman strigilis, 368

Zeno, founder of the Stoic sect, 65, 107

and Antigonus, 138

and Socrates, 274

Zeno's opinions, 353

Zeus, God, 12, 21

and the rest of the Gods, 156

the occupation of, 229

the father of men, 272 [p. 453]