THE plot of theHeautontimorumenos turns, as is often thecase, partly upon the recognition of a child which had been exposed as an infant. Sostrata the wife of Chremes had an infant daughter, which her husband refused to bring up, and ordered to be exposed. She gave it to an old woman for that purpose, attaching to its dress a ring, from a superstitious feeling that the child ought not to be entirely disinherited. The old woman, instead of exposing the child, brought her up as her own daughter, and named her Antiphila. When she grew up she attracted the attention of Clinia. son of Menedemus. Their attachment continued for some time before itcame to the knowledge of Clinia's father. As soon as he discovered it he began to persecute his son about the affair, till atlastthe young man, to put an end to thedispute, went to Asia, and there entered the service of the king. No sooner had he gone than his father repented his severity; and finding that his son was past recall, he determined, as the only amends he could make, to inflict upon himself a continual penance. He sold his house, and all his servants except a few to work upon a farm which he purchased. There he kept himself at work from morning to night. Three months passed inthis way, and atthe end of that time, Clinia, who could not support any longer his absence from his mistress, returns and is received intothe house of Chremes, whose son Clitipho had been his friend from his childhood. No sooner has he arrived than his servant Dromois sent with Syrus, Clitipho's slave, to bring Antiphila to her lover. Syrus discharges his errand more cleverly than was intended; he found Antiphila alone, for her reputed mother, Philtere, had died inthe interval, and in circumstances which shewed that she was still faithful to Clinia. Thinking besides to doa stroke of business forhis own master, he brings atthe same timeBacchis, Clitipho's mistress, a very different character from Antiphila: and that Chremes may haveno suspicion of this connection of his son's, itis arranged that Bacchis shall pass forClinia's mistress, and Antiphila forone of her servants. While thisis going on, Chremes and Menedemushave been talking together; Chremes remonstrating with Menedemus upon his unintelligible conduct in working himself to death instead of superintending his slaves, and Menedemus explaining his reasons by an account of what led to his son's departure, and his consequent determination to punish himself till hisreturn. Chremes being unable to shake his friend's determination, returns to keep the festival of Bacchusathis own house. There he finds the party assembled, and what with Bacchis and the young men they make a pretty night of it, nearly emptying his cellar, and turning the house upside down. Early next morning Chremes, who hasa strong head foran old man, goes to meet his friend Menedemus as he comes out to his work, and informs him of his son's return. He advises him to be cautious in receiving him, tells him what sort of a life he has to expect, and recommends him to do any thing rather than openly encourage his son in such debauchery. Menedemus begs him to do any thing he can to bring about a reunion with his son, even if it be to encourage the young man and Syrus to cheat him in any imaginable way. Chremes enters intothe plan: and encourages Syrus to devise some scheme for making Menedemus supply Clinia with the means of indulgence. Syrushas already some such scheme on foot; but itis to be directed against Chremes, for he has promised Bacchistenminaefor her share inthe night's amusements, and intends to get it out of his master. So he at once explains to his master a plausible scheme that he has, namely, to induce Menedemus to buy Antiphila from Bacchis, to whom she has been left in pawn by Philtere, onthe representation that she isa captive from Caria whom her friends aresure to ransom very handsomely. Meanwhile Sostrata has discovered, through themedium of the aforesaid ring, that Antiphila is her own daughter. This disconcerts Syrus, who now springs a new mine; he sends Bacchis off to Menedemus' house, and explains to Chremes that the only way to deceive Menedemus now, is to pretend that she is Clitipho's mistress, and atthe same time to get Clinia to profess an attachment to Antiphila, and desire his father to demand her in marriage, forthenthe old man would have to supply him with money forthe marriage, which of course would go to his mistress Bacchis. Atthe same time Chremes is persuaded to release his daughter from her pledge to Bacchis; and the money is given to Clitipho to carry to Bacchisforthe purpose forsooth of more fully persuading Menedemus that she ishis mistress. Atthis point the dnouement takes place. Clitipho acts his part of Bacchis' lover a little too well, and all the circumstances are discovered by Menedemus, who proceeds to inform Chremes of the real state of thecase. Now the two old men change places, Chremes is enraged beyond measure at having been madethe dupe of hisdissolute son, and Menedemushas to urge upon him the same maxims of forbearance which Chremes had used to him. Clitipho has to undergo acomplete humiliation; but is ultimately received into favour by his father upon his promising to settle and lead a respectable life.
This play is remarkable fora supposed irregularity in its construction, which hasmadeitthe subiect of an animated controversy among advocates of the 'Unities.' Itis clear that the opening scene of the play is laid at evening, when Menedemusisjust finishing his day's work. The Third Act commences with the following morning, and inthe interval the supper at Chremes' house takes place. Thisin itself, though an exception to the general arrangement of Terence's plays, is not a very important matter. The theory of the 'Unities' is not to be received as anabsolute law fortheDrama: and there is nothing inthiscase which is not abundantly justified by many other instances. Upon this point turns a theory which was first mooted by Scaliger, and afterwards maintained by Madame Dacier,--that this play was acted in two portions: the first two Acts at night, after sunset; and the three remaining Acts the next morning at break of day; the interval between the two parts being taken up with the supper at Chremes' house. Thisidea proceeds entirely upon the supposed necessity of filling up the interval between the Second and Third Acts; and is, as far as we are informed, entirely gratuitous. Colman has shown the absurdity of theidea very well inhis remarks onthis subiect. Any one who considers that theRomanDrama was performed intheopen air, will at once see the improbability of such amode of representation. TheRoman Amphitheatre was at any timea disadvantageous arenafortheDrama. What musthave been the success of a play, acted partly at night-fall, partly before breakfast next morning? Nothing but a devotion to the 'Unities' could have led to such anidea; and it will be dismissed without any further discussion, now that amore artistic idea of Dramatic Unity is generally recognized.