Commentaries on the Civil War


Commentaries on the Civil War
By C. Julius Caesar
Edited by: William Duncan

St. Louis Edwards and Bushnell 1856



Perseus Documents Collection Table of Contents



CAESAR'S COMMENTARIES OF THE CIVIL WAR.
   THE SUPPLEMENT of DIONYSIUS VOSSIUS TO CAESAR'S FIRST BOOK of THE CIVIL WAR.

CAESAR'S COMMENTARIES of THE CIVIL WAR.

CAESAR'S COMMENTARIES of THE CIVIL WAR.


Funded by The Annenberg CPB/Project

 

Book 3

CAESAR'S COMMENTARIES of THE CIVIL WAR.


I. Caesar reserves some judgments given upon persons for bribery at elections.
II. He sets out for Brundusium.
III. Pompey's mighty preparations for war.
IV. Caesar embarks and arrives at the Promontory of Ceraunium.
VI. His fleet returning from Brundusium is intercepted by the enemy
VII. M. Octavius, one of Pompey's adherents, laying siege to Salona, is obliged, by a sudden sally of the inhabitants, to abandon his lines.
VIII. Caesar's embassy to Pompey with proposals of peace.
IX. Caesar makes himself master of Oricum.
X. Also of Apollonia, and the whole country round about.
XI. Caesar and Pompey encamp over against each other on the banks of the river Apsus.
XII. Caesar's transports sailing from Brundusium, put back immediately for fear of the enemy.
XIII. Pompey's fleet reduced to great straits.
XIV. Conferences set on foot about a peace, which come to nothing.
XV. Bibulus, admiral of Pompey's fleet, dies.
XVI. Pompey's answer to Caesar's proposals of peace.
XVII. The conferences about a peace renewed, but without effect.
XVIII. A commotion in Rome.
XXI. Libo, one of Pompey's followers, blocks up the port of Brundusium with a fleet
XXII. But by the valour and conduct of Antony, is forced to quit his project.
XXIII. Antony and Kalenus transport Caesar's troops to Greece, with wonderful good success.
XXVII. Pompey, to avoid being shut up between two armies, retires to Asparagium.
XXVIII. Scipio, a partizan of Pompey, behaves very tyrannically in Asia.
XXIX. The motions of Caesar's lieutenants in Thesally, Aetolia, and Macedonia.
XXXIV. Young Pompey burns Caesar's fleet in the port of Oricum.
XXXV. Caesar cuts off Pompey's communication with Dyrrhachium.
XXXVI. And besieges him in his camp.
XXXIX. Many attempts and dispositions on both sides, with various turns of fortune.
XL. Caesar's troops, distressed for want of corn, make bread of a certain root.
XLIII. Pompey repulsed in a sally.
XLVII. Kalenus, one of Caesar's lieutenants, possesses himself of several towns in Achaia.
XLVIII. Caesar offers Pompey battle.
XLIX. Another embassy, with proposals of peace, which are rejected.
L. Pompey distressed for want of forage, resolves to break through Caesar's lines.
LI. Roscillus and Aegus, disgusted at some check they had received from Caesar, revolt to Pompey.
LII. Pompey breaks through Caesar's lines, after making great slaughter of his troops.
LXI. Caesar desists from the design of inclosing Pompey, and makes a speech to his men.
LXII. Caesar retires to Asparagium, and is followed by Pompey.
LXV. Thence to Apollonia.
LXVII. And then to Gomphi, a town of Thessaly, which, refusing to open its gates, is taken by assault the first day.
LXVIII. Metropolis submits, and their example is followed by other Thessalian states.
LXIX. Pompey arrives in Thessaly, elated with his success, and confident of victory.
LXX. Caesar resolves to give battle. His resolution with respect to his cavalry.
LXXII. Pompey likewise resolves to give battle, and boasts of an assured victory.
LXXIII. The disposition of Pompey's army.
LXXIV. The disposition of Caesar's.
LXXV. Caesar's speech to his soldiers.
LXXVI. The battle of Pharsalia, in which Caesar obtains a complete victory.
LXXVII. Caesar makes himself master of Pompey's camp.
LXXVIII. Where he finds great riches.
LXXIX. Pompey's flight.
LXXX. Caesar pursues Pompey's troops, and obliges them to surrender.
LXXXI. The number of men killed on each side.
LXXXII. Meanwhile, Laelius, a follower of Pompey, blocks up the port of Brundusium with a fleet.
LXXXIII. And Cassius burns some ships in Sicily belonging to Caesar.
LXXXIV. Caesar pursues Pompey.
LXXXV. Pompey flying to Pelusium is murdered there by some of king Ptolemy's court.
LXXXVI. Some prodigies that happened on the day of Caesar's victory.
LXXXVII. Caesar pursuing Pompey to Alexandria, hears there the news of his death.
LXXXVIII. And is unexpectedly entangled in a new war.


Ch. 1

Caesar, as dictator, holding the Comitia, Julius Caesar, and P. Servilius, were chosen consuls; for this was the year in which he could be elected to that magistracy, consistent with the laws. This affair being despatched, as Caesar saw public credit at a stand over all Italy, because nobody paid their debts; he ordered that arbiters should be chosen, who should make an estimate of the possessions of all debtors, and should convey them in payment to their creditors, at the price they bore before the war. This regulation he thought best calculated to restore public credit, and prevent the apprehension of a general abolition of debts, which is but too common a consequence of wars and civil dissensions. At the same time, in consequence of an address to the people, he reestablished the praetors and tribunes, who had been deprived upon a charge of bribery, at a time when Pompey awed the city by his legions. These decisions were so little conformable to law, that sentence was often pronounced by a party of judges different from those who attended the pleadings. As these had made him an offer of their service in the beginning of the war, he accounted the obligation the same as if he had actually accepted of their friendship; but thought it better their restoration should seem to flow from the people, than appear a mere act of bounty in him, that he might neither be charged with ingratitude to his followers, nor accused of invading the prerogatives of the people.