Virtue however is concerned with emotions and actions, and it is only voluntary feelings and actions for which praise and blame are given; those that are involuntary are condoned, and sometimes even pitied. Hence it seems to be necessary for the student of ethics to define the difference between the Voluntary and the Involuntary126 ; and this will also be of service to the legislator in assigning rewards and punishments.
Ch. 1 [sect. 2]
It is then generally held that actions are involuntary when done a under compulsion or b through ignorance;
[p. 1110a]
