FIFTH DECLENSION (-STEMS)
[95] The Stem of nouns of the Fifth Declension ends in -, which appears in all the cases. The Nominative is formed from the stem by adding s.
[96] Nouns of the Fifth Declension are declined as follows:
rs, F., thing
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dis, M., day
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fids, F., faith
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STEM r-
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STEM di-
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STEM fid-
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SINGULAR |
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CASE-ENDINGS |
NOM. |
rs |
dis |
fids |
-s |
GEN. |
r |
di (di) |
fid |
- (-) |
DAT. |
r |
di (di) |
fid |
- (-) |
ACC. |
rem |
diem |
fidem |
-em |
ABL. |
r |
di |
fid |
- |
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PLURAL |
NOM. |
rs |
dis |
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-s |
GEN. |
rrum |
dirum |
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-rum |
DAT. |
rbus |
dibus |
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-bus |
ACC. |
rs |
dis |
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s |
ABL. |
rbus |
dibus |
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-bus |
NOTE.The of the stem is shortened in the genitive and dative singular of fids, sps, rs, but in these it is found long in early Latin. In the accusative singular e is always short.
[p. 40] Gender in the Fifth Declension
All nouns of the Fifth Declension are Feminine, except dis (usually M.), day, and merdis (M.), noon.
Dis is sometimes feminine in the singular, especially in phrases indicating a fixed time, and regularly feminine when used of time in general: as, cnstitt di, on a set day; longa dis, a long time.
Case-Forms in the Fifth Declension
The following peculiarities require notice:
Of nouns of the fifth declension, only dis and rs are declined throughout. Most want the plural, which is, however, found in the nominative or accusative in acis, effigis, luvis, facis, glacis, seris, specis, sps.
48
The Locative form of this declension ends in -. It is found only in certain adverbs and expressions of time:
hodi, to-day;
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di qurt (old, qurt), the fourth day;
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perendi, day after to-morrow;
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prdi, the day before.
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The fifth declension is closely related to the first, and several nouns have forms of both: as, mteria, -is; saevitia, -is. The genitive and dative in - are rarely found in these words.
Some nouns vary between the fifth and the third declension: as, requis, satis (also satis, genitive -tis), plbs (also plbs, genitive plbis), fams, genitive famis, ablative fam.
NOTE.In the genitive and dative - (-) was sometimes contracted into -ei: as, tribnus plbei, tribune of the people (plbs). Genitives in - and - also occur: as, di (Aen. 1.636), plb-sctum, aci (B. G. 2.23). A few examples of the old genitive in -s are found (cf. -s in the first declension, 43. b). The dative has rarely -, and a form in - is cited.