[p. 279]humerus. The ischium is united to the great vertebra contiguous to
the os sacrum by a cartilaginous ligament| It will readily perceived that the term ischium is not used here exactly as applied by modern anatomists. It is applied in this place to the ilium where it is articulated with the os sacrum. By the great verebra, as stated in the preceding work, is meant the last vertebra of the loins. |
. The spine, from the os
sacrum to the great vertebra, is curved backward; in this quarter
are situated the bladder, the organs of generation, and the inclined
portion of the rectum; from this to the diaphragm it proceeds in a
straight line inclining forward, and the psoae are situated there;
from this point, to the great vertebra above the tops of the shoulders,
it rises in a line that is curved backward, and the curvature appears
greater than it is in reality, for the posterior processes of the
spine are there highest; the articulation of the neck inclines forward.
The vertebrae on the inside| Meaning before, that is to say, at their anterior part. |
are regularly placed upon one another,
but behind they are connected by a cartilaginous ligament; they are
articulated in the form of synarthrosis at the back part of the spinal
marrow; behind they have a sharp process having a cartilaginous epiphysis,
whence proceeds the roots of nerves running downward, as also muscles
extending from the neck to the loins, and filling the space between
the ribs and the spine. The ribs are connected to all the intervertebral
spaces on the inside, from the neck to the lumbar region, by a small
ligament, and before to the sternum, their extremities being spongy
and soft; their form is the most arched in man of all animals; for
in this part, man is, of all animals, the narrowest in proportion
to his bulk. The ribs are united to each vertebra by a small ligament
at the place from which the short and broad lateral processes (transverse
processes?) arise. The sternum is one continuous bone, having lateral
pits for the insertion of the ribs; it is of a spongy and cartilaginous
structure. The clavicles are rounded in front, having some slight
movements at the sternum, but more free at the acromion. The acromion,
in man, arises from the scapula differently from most other animals.
The scapula is cartilaginous toward the spine, and spongy elsewhere,
having an irregular figure externally;
