LESSON LXX: Perfect Middle System of Liquid Verbs.
Formation and Conjugation of the Perfect Middle of Liquid Verbs
648. Liquid verbs suffer in the main the same changes in the perfect middle system as in the first perfect system (623–626).
Thus, ἀγγέλλω (ἀγγελ), ἤγγελμαι (623); στέλλω (στελ), ἔσταλμαι; φθείρω (φθερ), ἔφθαρμαι (624); κρίνω (κριν), κέκριμαι; τείνω (τεν), τέταμαι (625); βάλλω (βαλ), βέβλημαι; τέμνω (τεμ), τέτημαι (626).
649. Conjugate the perfect middle systems of στέλλω and φαίνω.
| Perfect Middle and Passive Indicative of στέλλω (στελ), send | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | ἔσταλ-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | ἔσταλ-σαι |
| Third Person Singular | ἔσταλ-ται |
| Second Person Dual | ἔσταλ-θον |
| Third Person Dual | ἔσταλ-θον |
| First Person Plural | ἐστάλ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἔσταλ-θε |
| Third Person Plural | ἐσταλ-μένοι εἰσί |
| Pluperfect Middle and Passive Indicative of στέλλω (στελ), send | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | ἐστάλ-μην |
| Second Person Singular | ἔσταλ-σο |
| Third Person Singular | ἔσταλ-το |
| Second Person Dual | ἔσταλ-θον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐστάλ-θην |
| First Person Plural | ἐστάλ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἔσταλ-θε |
| Third Person Plural | ἐσταλ-μένοι ἦσαν |
| Perfect Middle and Passive Indicative of φαίνω (φαν), show | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | πέφασ-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | πέφαν-σαι |
| Third Person Singular | πέφαν-ται |
| Second Person Dual | πέφαν-θον |
| Third Person Dual | πέφαν-θον |
| First Person Plural | πεφάσ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | πέφαν-θε |
| Third Person Plural | πεφασ-μένοι εἰσί |
| Pluperfect Middle and Passive Indicative of φαίνω (φαν), show | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | ἐ-πεφάσ-μην |
| Second Person Singular | ἐ-πέφαν-σο |
| Third Person Singular | ἐ-πέφαν-το |
| Second Person Dual | ἐ-πέφαν-θον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐ-πεφάν-θην |
| First Person Plural | ἐ-πεφάσ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἐ-πέφαν-θε |
| Third Person Plural | πεφασ-μένοι ἦσαν |
Notes on the formation of Perfect Middle of Liquid Verbs
650. If ν is not dropped (625), it is changed to σ before μ, as φαίνω (φαν), πέφασμαι.
651. In the inflection, σ between two consonants is dropped.
652. VOCABULARY.
| ἀπο-στέλλω | send away, despatch. |
| δια-σπείρω | scatter about, scatter. |
| θαρρέω, θαρρήσω, ἐθάρρησα, τεθάρρηκα | be bold or courageous. |
| οἰωνός, οῦ, ὁ | omen. |
| οὐδαμοῦ (cf. οὐ) | adv.,nowhere. |
| ὀφθαλμός, οῦ, ὁ (cf. ὄψομαι) | eye. |
| παρ-αγγέλλω | pass along an order, give orders, order. |
| σπείρω (σπερ), σπερῶ, ἔσπειρα, ἔσπαρμαι, ἐσπάρην | sow, throw about, scatter, disperse. |
| σφόδρα | adv., exceedingly. |
| σωτηρίᾱ, ᾱς, ἡ (cf. σωτήρ) | safety, deliverance. |
| ταράττω (ταραχ), ταράξω, ἐτάραξα, τετάραγμαι, ἐταράχθην | trouble, disturb, agitate. |
653. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
| 1. θαυμάζω ὅτι οὐδαμοῦ Κῦρος πέφανται. |
| 2. παρήγγελτο1 δὲ τοῖς ἱππεῦσι θαρροῦσι2 διώκειν. |
| 3. καὶ ταῦτα ἀκούσᾱς ἐταράχθη σφόδρα καὶ ἠρώτησεν εἰ ἤδη ἀποκεκριμένοι εἶεν3. |
| 4. οἱ δ᾿ ἱππεῖς ἐσπαρμένοι εἰσίν. |
| 5. συνηγμένοι ἦσαν τῶν διεσπαρμένων οἱ πλεῖστοι. |
| 6. Κλέαρχος δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἡγεῖτο κατὰ τὰ παρηγγελμένα,4 οἱ δ᾿ εἵποντο. |
| 7. ἀπεσταλμένοι εἰσὶν οἱ ἄγγελοι καὶ σὺν αὐτοῖς στρατηγός τις ἀγαθός. |
| 8. ἐλείποντο δὲ τῶν στρατιωτῶν οἱ διεφθαρμένοι ὑπὸ τῆς χιόνος τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς5. |
| 9. τοὺς δὲ Κρῆτας ἔφη ἀπεστάλθαι. |
| 10. περὶ σωτηρίᾱς ἡμῖν θῡομένοις οἰωνὸς τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ σωτῆρος πέφανται. |
NOTES.—1 orders had been given. The subject is the following infinitive. cf. 461, 4 and 5.—2 courageously. The participle (in the dative plural) expresses manner (495, 3).—3 For the optative, see 569. Give the question in its original form.—4 I.e. according to orders, literally according to the orders that had been given.—5 οἱ διεφθαρμένοι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, those who (literally had been injured) had had their eyes blinded. The active construction would be ἡ χιὼν διαφθείρει τινὶ (861) τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς. In the passive the dative becomes the subject and the accusative remains. Cf. 616, 5, and the note.
655. Cyrus advances with Less Caution.
ἐπεὶ δ᾿ ἐπὶ τῇ τάφρῳ οὐκ ἐκώλῦε βασιλεὺς τὸ Κύρου
στράτευμα διαβαίνειν, ἔδοξε καὶ Κύρῳ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις οὐ
μέλλειν μαχεῖσθαι· ὥστε τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ Κῦρος ἐπορεύετο
ἠμελημένως μᾶλλον. τῇ δὲ τρίτῃ ἐπί τε τοῦ ἅρματος
NOTES.—1. ἐκώλῡε: imperfect of attempted action.— 2. ἔδοξε: personal construction, the subject being a pronoun referring to βασιλεύς.— 5. καθήμενος: sitting, participle of the verb κάθημαι, sit. Both καθήμενος and ἔχων are participles of manner (495, 3).—6. αὐτῷ: dative of disadvantage (861); στρατιώταις, in the next line, is a dative of advantage.
