LESSON LV: Stems in a Diphthong of the Consonant Declension.

506. Learn the declension of βασιλεύς, king, βοῦς, ox, cow, γραῦς, old woman, and ναῦς, ship.

βασιλεύς, ὁ - king
Nominative Singularβασιλεύ-ς
Genitive Singularβασιλέ-ως
Dative Singular(βασιλέ-ϊ) βασιλεῖ
Accusative Singularβασιλέ-ᾱ
Vocative Singularβασιλεῦ
Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dualβασιλέ-ε
Genitive and Dative Dualβασιλέ-οιν
Nominative and Vocative Plural(βασιλέ-ες) βασιλεῖς
Genitive Pluralβασιλέ-ων
Dative Pluralβασιλεῦ-σι
Accusative Pluralβασιλέ-ᾱς
βοῦς, ὁ, ἡ - ox, cow
Nominative Singularβοῦ-ς
Genitive Singularβο-ός
Dative Singularβο-ΐ
Accusative Singularβοῦ-ν
Vocative Singularβοῦ
Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dualβό-ε
Genitive and Dative Dualβο-οῖν
Nominative and Vocative Pluralβό-ες
Genitive Pluralβο-ῶν
Dative Pluralβου-σί
Accusative Pluralβοῦ-ς
γραῦς, ἡ old woman
Nominative Singularγραῦ-ς
Genitive Singularγρᾱ-ός
Dative Singularγρᾱ-ΐ
Accusative Singularγραῦ-ν
Vocative Singularγραῦ
Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dualγρᾶ-ε
Genitive and Dative Dualγρᾱ-οῖν
Nominative and Vocative Pluralγρᾶ-ες
Genitive Pluralγρᾱ-ῶν
Dative Pluralγραυ-σί
Accusative Pluralγραῦ-ς
ναῦς, ἡ - ship
Nominative Singularναῦ-ς
Genitive Singularνε-ώς
Dative Singularνη-ΐ
Accusative Singularναῦ-ν
Vocative Singularναῦ
Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dualνῆ-ε
Genitive and Dative Dualνε-οῖν
Nominative and Vocative Pluralνῆ-ες
Genitive Pluralνε-ῶν
Dative Pluralναυ-σί
Accusative Pluralναῦ-ς

507. Final υ of the stem disappears before all vowels in the endings, and in ναῦς the resulting να becomes νε before a long vowel and νη before a short vowel. The genitive singular may end in ως instead of ος.

508. VOCABULARY.

ἀπ-έρχομαιcome or go away, retreat, desert.
Ἄρτεμις, ιδος, ἡArtemis. .
βασιλεύς, έως, ὁ (cf. βασιλεύω)king.
βοῦς, βοός, ὁ, ἡοχ, cow; plur., cattle, oxen.
βωμός, οῦ, ὁaltar. .
γραῦς, γρᾱός, ἡ (cf. γέρων)old woman.
γυνή, γυναικός, ἡwoman, wife.
ἐπει-δή (ἐπεί + δή)conj., when, since.
ἑρμηνεύς, έως, ὁinterpreter.
ἔρχομαι (ἐρχ, ἐλυθ), ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθαcome, go.
ἱππεύς, έως, ὁ (cf. ἵππος)horseman, cavalryman; plur., caualry. .
ναῦς, νεώς, ἡship. .
οὐκ-οῦν (οὐ + οὖν)interr. particle, not then? not therefore? expecting an affirmative answer.
στρατοπεδεύομαι, στρατοπεδεύσομαιetc. (cf. στρατόπεδον), mid. dep., go into camp, encamp.

509. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:

1. ταῖς ναυσὶν1 ἐπολιόρκει Μίλητον.
2. ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν βόες καὶ ὄρνῑθες.
3. ὁ δ᾿ ἑρμηνεὺς λέγει ὅτι παρὰ βασιλέως2 μεγάλου ἔρχονται παρὰ Κῦρον.
4. παρῆν δὲ καὶ στρατηγός τις Λακεδαιμόνιος ἐπὶ τῶν νεῶν.
5. εἰ βασιλεὺς ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ στρατοπεδεύοιτο, ὁπλίσαιντο ἂν οἱ ἱππεῖς.
6. ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος βωμὸν ὁ ἐρμηνεύς.
7. τούτου ἕνεκα Κῦρος τὰς ναῦς μετεπέμψατο.
8. τοὺς γέροντας καὶ τὰς γραῦς κατέλιπον· ὀλίγᾱς γὰρ ναῦς εἶχον.
9. καὶ παρὰ μεγάλου βασιλέως παρῆν Τισσαφέρνης καὶ ὁ τῆς βασιλέως γυναικὸς ἀδελφός.
10. οὐκοῦν παρὰ βασιλέως πολλοὶ πρὸς Κῦρον ἀπῆλθον, ἐπειδὴ πολέμιοι ἀλλήλοις ἐγένοντο;

NOTES.—1 Dative of instrument (866).—2 When the reference is to the king of Persia, βασιλεύς commonly stands without the article.—3 παρά with the accusative.—4 Verbs signifying to ask take two object accusatives (838).— 5 ἔσται (for ἔσεται). For the future, see 170.

511. He cross-examines Orontas.

“Μετὰ ταῦτα,” ἔφη, “ὦ Ὀρόντα, τί σε ἠδίκησα;” ἀποκρίνεται ὅτι οὐδὲν ἠδίκησε. πάλιν δὲ ὁ Κῦρος ἠρώτᾱ, “Οὐκοῦν ὕστερον, ὡς αὐτὸς σὺ ὁμολογεῖς, οὐδὲν ὑπ᾿ ἐμοῦ ἀδικούμενος κακῶς ἐποίεις τὴν ἐμὴν χώρᾱν;” ἔφη ὁ Ὀρόντᾱς. “Οὐκοῦν,” ἔφη ὁ Κῦρος, “ὁπότ᾿ αὖ ἐγίγνωσκες τὴν σαυτοῦ δύναμιν, ἐλθὼν ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος βωμὸν καὶ πείσᾱς ἐμὲ πιστὰ πάλιν ἔδωκάς μοι καὶ ἔλαβες παρ᾿ ἐμοῦ;” καὶ ταῦθ᾿ ὡμολόγει ὁ Ὀρόντᾱς.

NOTES.—1. τί: cognate accusative (833), what wrong did I do you?—οὐδέν: the answer of Orontas in his own words was οὐδὲν ἠδίκησας, you id me no wrong. οὐδέν is the neuter accusative singular of οὐδείς, no, none. —4. ἀδικούμενος: concessive participle (495, 6).—ἔφη: said “Yes.” —ἐλθών: second aorist participle, declined like ἑκών.—7. ἔδωκας: did ou give.

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