LESSON XXIII: Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs.

PARADIGMS

216. Learn the conjugation of the perfect and pluperfect indicative middle and passive of ἄγω, lead, bring,.

Perfect Indicative Middle and Passive of ἄγω
First Person Singular(ἠγ-μαι) ἦγ-μαι
Second Person Singular(ἠγ-σαι) ἦξαι
Third Person Singular(ἠγ-ται) ἦχ-ται
Second Person Dual(ἠγ-σθον) ἦχ-θον
Third Person Dual(ἠγ-σθον) ἦχ-θον
First Person Plural(ἠγ-μεθα) ἤγ-μεθα
Second Person Plural(ἠγ-σθε) ἦχ-θε
Third Person Plural(ἠγ-μενοι) ἠγ-μένοι εἰσί
Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of ἄγω
First Person Singular(ἠγ-μην) ἤγ-μην
Second Person Singular(ἠγ-σο) ἦξο
Third Person Singular(ἠγ-το) ἦκ-το
Second Person Dual(ἠγ-σθον) ἦχ-θον
Third Person Dual(ἠγ-σθην) ἤχ-θην
First Person Plural(ἠγ-μεθα) ἤγ-μεθα
Second Person Plural(ἠγ-σθε) ἦχ-θε
Third Person Plural(ἠγ-μενοι) ἠγ-μένοι ἦσαν

219. Learn the conjugation of the perfect and pluperfect indicative middle and passive of πείθω, persuade, middle obey.

Perfect Indicative Middle and Passive of πείθω
First Person Singular(πεπειθ-μαι) πέπεισ-μαι
Second Person Singular(πεπειθ-σαι) πέπει-σαι
Third Person Singular(πεπειθ-ται) πέπεισ-ται
Second Person Dual(πεπειθ-σθον) πέπει-σθον
Third Person Dual(πεπειθ-σθον) πέπει-σθον
First Person Plural(πεπειθ-μεθα) πεπείσ-μεθα
Second Person Plural(πεπειθ-σθε) πέπει-σθε
Third Person Plural(πεπειθ-μενοι) πεπεισ-μένοι εἰσί
Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of πείθω
First Person Singular(ἐ-πεπειθ-μην) ἐ-πεπείσ-μην
Second Person Singular(ἐ-πεπειθ-σο) ἐ-πέπει-σο
Third Person Singular(ἐ-πεπειθ-το) ἐ-πέπεισ-το
Second Person Dual(ἐ-πεπειθ-σθον) ἐ-πέπει-σθον
Third Person Dual(ἐ-πεπειθ-σθην) ἐ-πεπεί-σθην
First Person Plural(ἐ-πεπειθ-μεθα) ἐ-πεπείσ-μεθα
Second Person Plural(ἐ-πεπειθ-σθε) ἐ-πέπει-σθε
Third Person Plural(ἐ-πεπειθ-μενοι) πεπεισ-μένοι ἦσαν

Notes on Formation of the Perfect and Pluperfect With Palatal and Lingual Mute Stems

217. 1. A palatal mute (κ γ χ) before μ becomes (or remains) γ; with σ it forms ξ; before τ and θ it becomes (or remains) respectively κ and x. 2. σ between two consonants is dropped.

220. 1. A lingual mute (τ δ θ) before μ becomes σ; before σ it is dropped; before τ and θ it becomes σ. σ between two consonants is dropped.

Grammar Notes

860. Certain intransitive verbs take the dative, many of which in English may have a direct object without to. The verbs of this class which are not translated with to in English are chiefly those signifying to benefit, serve, obey, defend, assist, please, trust, satisfy, advise, exhort, or any of their opposites; also those expressing friendliness, hostility, blame, abuse, reproach, envy, anger, threats. Thus, οἱ πρόσθεν ἡμῖν βοηθήσαντες, those who have previously helped us, πείθεται τῷ στρατηγῷ, he obeys his commander, πιστεύουσι τῷ Κύρῳ, they trust Cyrus, παρεκελεύοντο ἀλλήλοις, they exhorted one another, ὠργίζοντο ἰσχῡρῶς τῷ Κλεάρχῳ, they were excessively angry with Clearchus.

861. The person or thing for whose advantage or disadvantage anything is or is done is put in the dative. This dative is generally introduced in English by for. Thus, ἄλλο στράτευμα Κύρῳ συνελέγετο ἐν Χερρονήσῳ, another force was collected for Cyrus in the Chersonese, ἐμοὶ κακὸν βουλεύεις, you are plotting harm against me. Dative of Advantage or Disadvantage.

862. The dative with εἰμί, γίγνομαι, and similar verbs may denote the possessor. Thus, στρατιῶται Κύρῳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί, Cyrus had brave soldiers.

868. The dative sometime denotes the agent with the perfect and pluperfect passive, rarely with other passive tense. See 203.

222. VOCABULARY.

εὖadv., well.
εὐώνυμος, ον (130)of good name or omen, euphemistic for left, on the left side, as contrasted with δεξιός.
μέσος, η, ονmiddle; τὸ μέσον, the middle, centre.
παρασκευάζω, παρασκευάσω, etc. (cf. παρασκευή)get or make ready, prepare.
συν-τάττωdraw up together, marshal.
τάττω (ταγ), τάξω, ἔταξα, τέταχα, τέταγμαι, ἐτάχθηνarrange, order,especially of troops, draw up, marshal, post.
ὑποζύγιον, ου, τόbeast of burden; plur., baggage animals.
φυλάττω (φυλακ), φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι, ἐφυλάχθηνguard, watch, defend; mid., defend oneself against, guard against.

223. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:

1. τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθα.
2. ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ κατὰ (against) τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσον.
3. οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοι.
4. Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστο.
5. οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίν.
6. τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ1 τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαι.
7. ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ2 οὗτος ὁ στρατηγός.
8. οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήν.
9. καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις3 ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίων.
10. αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροις.4

NOTES.—1 Verbs signifying to obey take the dative (860).—2 on the left (wing).3 for the soldiers, a dative of advantage (861).—4 The agent (203).

225. The March continues. Review of the Troops.

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον. ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν κρήνη· ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυρον θηρεῦσαι. ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον, καὶ ἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν. ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς (for) μάχην. ἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων (four deep)· εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲν δεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ, τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου, τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί.

NOTES.—3. θηρεῦσαι: ἵο have caught, aorist infinitive active.—5. ταχθῆναι: first aorist infinitive passive, to be drawn up.—ὥσπερ: as if.

REVIEW AND PRACTICE: