Allen and Greenough's
New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges
Edited by:
J. B. Greenough G. L. Kittredge A. A. Howard Benj. L. D'Ooge
Perseus Documents Collection Table of Contents
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Table of Contents First PagePART FIRSTWORDS AND FORMS THE ALPHABET Classification of Sounds ORTHOGRAPHY Syllables Pronunciation Quantity Accent Combinations Phonetic Changes Vowel Changes Consonant Changes Vowel Variations Kindred Forms THE PARTS OF SPEECH INFLECTION Root, Stem, and Base GENDER General Rules of Gender NUMBER AND CASE DECLENSION OF NOUNS Case-endings of the Five Declensions FIRST DECLENSION (-STEMS) Gender in the First Declension Case-Forms in the First Declension Greek Nouns of the First Declension SECOND DECLENSION (o-STEMS) Gender in the Second Declension Case-Forms in the Second Declension Greek Nouns of the Second Declension THIRD DECLENSION (CONSONANT AND i-STEMS) CONSONANT STEMS Mute Stems Liquid and Nasal Stems (l, n, r)
i-STEMS Pure i-Stems Mixed i-Stems Summary of i-Stems Irregular Nouns of the Third Declension The Locative Case Greek Nouns of the Third Declension Gender in the Third Declension FOURTH DECLENSION Gender in the Fourth Declension Case-Forms in the Fourth Declension FIFTH DECLENSION (-STEMS) Gender in the Fifth Declension Case-Forms in the Fifth Declension DEFECTIVE NOUNS Nouns wanting in the Plural Nouns wanting in the Singular Nouns Defective in Certain Cases VARIABLE NOUNS NAMES OF PERSONS ADJECTIVES FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS (- AND o-STEMS)
bonus, bona, bonum, good
miser, misera, miserum, wretched
niger, nigra, nigrum, black
THIRD DECLENSION (CONSONANT AND i-STEMS) Adjectives of Three and of Two Terminations
cer, cris, cre, keen, STEM cri-
levis, leve, light, STEM levi- Adjectives of One Termination Declension of Comparatives Case-Forms of Consonant Stems Irregularities and Special Uses of Adjectives COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES Irregular Comparison Defective Comparison NUMERALS Cardinals and Ordinals Declension of Cardinals and Ordinals Distributives Numeral Adverbs Other Numerals PRONOUNS Personal Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns
hc, this
is, that
ille, that
ipse, self
dem, the same
Relative Pronouns Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns Case-Forms of qu and quis
Compounds of quis and qu
Correlatives VERBS: CONJUGATION OF THE VERB Voice, Mood, Tense, Person, Number Noun and Adjective Forms SIGNIFICATION OF THE FORMS OF THE VERB Voices Moods Participles Gerund and Supine Tenses of the Finite Verb PERSONAL ENDINGS FORMS OF THE VERB The Three Stems VERB-ENDINGS The Verb Sum
The Four Conjugations The Principal Parts Present Stem Perfect Stem Supine Stem Forms of Conjugation Synopsis of the Verb Peculiarities of Conjugation FIRST CONJUGATION (-STEMS)ACTIVE VOICE FIRST CONJUGATION (-STEMS)PASSIVE VOICE SECOND CONJUGATION (-STEMS) THIRD CONJUGATION (-STEMS) FOURTH CONJUGATION (-STEMS) VERBS IN -i OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION Parallel Forms DEPONENT VERBS Semi-Deponents THE PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATIONS IRREGULAR VERBS DEFECTIVE VERBS IMPERSONAL VERBS CLASSIFIED LISTS OF VERBS First Conjugation Second Conjugation Third Conjugation Fourth Conjugation PARTICLES ADVERBS DERIVATION OF ADVERBS CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERBS
d. Interrogative Particles
e. Negative Particles COMPARISON OF ADVERBS PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS CORDINATE
a. Copulative and Disjunctive
b. Adversative
c. Causal
d. Illative SUBORDINATE
a. Conditional
b. Comparative
c. Concessive
d. Temporal
e. Consecutive and Final
f. Causal INTERJECTIONS FORMATION OF WORDS ROOTS AND STEMS DERIVED STEMS AND SUFFIXES Primary Suffixes Significant Endings DERIVATION OF NOUNS Nouns of Agency Names of Actions and Abstract Nouns DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVES Nominal Adjectives Verbal Adjectives Nouns with Adjective Suffixes IRREGULAR DERIVATIVES DERIVATION OF VERBS Denominative Verbs Verbs from Other Verbs COMPOUND WORDS Syntactic Compounds
PART SECONDSYNTAX INTRODUCTORY NOTE THE SENTENCE Kinds of Sentences Subject and Predicate Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Object Modification Clauses and Sentences AGREEMENT AGREEMENT OF NOUNS Apposition Predicate Noun or Adjective AGREEMENT OF ADJECTIVES Attributive and Predicate Adjectives Rules of Agreement Adjectives used Substantively Adjectives with Adverbial Force Comparatives and Superlatives PRONOUNS Personal Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Relative Pronouns Antecedent of the Relative Special Uses of the Relative Indefinite Pronouns
Alius and Alter
VERBS Agreement of Verb and Subject Double or Collective Subject Omission of Subject or Verb PARTICLES Adverbs CONJUNCTIONS Negative Particles QUESTIONS Forms of Interrogation Double Questions Question and Answer CONSTRUCTION OF CASES NOMINATIVE CASE VOCATIVE CASE GENITIVE CASE GENITIVE WITH NOUNS Possessive Genitive Genitive of Material Genitive of Quality Partitive Genitive Objective Genitive GENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES GENITIVE WITH VERBS Verbs of Remembering and Forgetting Verbs of Reminding Verbs of Accusing, Condemning, and Acquitting Verbs of Feeling
Interest and Rfert
Verbs of Plenty and Want Genitive with Special Verbs PECULIAR GENITIVES DATIVE CASE INDIRECT OBJECT INDIRECT OBJECT WITH TRANSITIVES INDIRECT OBJECT WITH INTRANSITIVES Indirect Object with Special Verbs Indirect Object with Compounds Dative of Possession Dative of the Agent Dative of Reference Ethical Dative Dative of Separation Dative of the Purpose or End Dative with Adjectives ACCUSATIVE CASE Direct Object Cognate Accusative TWO ACCUSATIVES Idiomatic Uses ABLATIVE CASE USES OF THE ABLATIVE PROPER USES OF THE ABLATIVE AS INSTRUMENTAL THE ABLATIVE AS LOCATIVE TIME AND PLACE Time Extent of Space Relations of Place SPECIAL USES OF PREPOSITIONS Adverbs and Prepositions SYNTAX OF THE VERB MOODS AND TENSES MOODS INDICATIVE MOOD SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IMPERATIVE MOOD INFINITIVE MOOD TENSES TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE TENSES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE TENSES OF THE INFINITIVE NOUN AND ADJECTIVE FORMS OF THE VERB PARTICIPLES GERUND GERUND AND GERUNDIVE SUPINE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES PROTASIS AND APODOSIS CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITIONS PARTICULAR CONDITIONS GENERAL CONDITIONS CONCESSIVE CLAUSES CLAUSES OF PROVISO CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (FINAL CLAUSES) CLAUSES OF CHARACTERISTIC CLAUSES OF RESULT (CONSECUTIVE CLAUSES) CAUSAL CLAUSES TEMPORAL CLAUSES Conditional Relative Clauses Temporal Clauses with postquam, ubi, etc. USES OF CUM
Cum Temporal
Cum Causal or Concessive
Antequam and Priusquam
Dum, Dnec, and Quoad
CLAUSES WITH QUN AND QUMINUS
SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES Substantive Clauses of Purpose Substantive Clauses of Purpose with Passive Verbs Substantive Clauses of Result (Consecutive Clauses) Indicative with Quod
Indirect Questions INDIRECT DISCOURSE FORMAL INDIRECT DISCOURSE Declaratory Sentences in Indirect Discourse Subordinate Clauses in Indirect Discourse Tenses of the Infinitive in Indirect Discourse Tenses of the Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse Questions in Indirect Discourse Commands in Indirect Discourse Conditions in Indirect Discourse INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES Informal Indirect Discourse Subjunctive of Integral Part (Attraction) IMPORTANT RULES OF SYNTAX ORDER OF WORDS Special Rules Structure of the Period
PROSODY QUANTITY GENERAL RULES Quantity of Vowels Quantity of Syllables FINAL SYLLABLES Perfects and Perfect Participles Derivatives RHYTHM Measures a. TRIPLE OR UNEQUAL MEASURES (3/8)
269 b. DOUBLE OR EQUAL MEASURES (2/4) c. SIX-TIMED MEASURES (3/4) d. QUINARY OR HEMIOLIC
271 MEASURES (5/8) Irrational Feet Substitution The Musical Accent VERSIFICATION THE VERSE Scansion and Elision FORMS OF VERSE DACTYLIC VERSE Dactylic Hexameter Elegiac Stanza Other Dactylic Verses IAMBIC VERSE Iambic Trimeter Other Iambic Measures TROCHAIC VERSE MIXED MEASURES LOGADIC VERSE METRES OF HORACE INDEX TO THE METRES OF HORACE MISCELLANEOUS EARLY PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS Reckoning of Time Measures of Value, etc. GLOSSARY: OF TERMS USED IN GRAMMAR, RHETORIC, AND PROSODY Grammatical Terms Rhetorical Figures Terms of Prosody
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