LESSON 9: O-Declension (continued).
Declension of the Definite Article
81. Learn the declension of the definite article.
The
vocative does not occur. Greek, like Latin, has no indefinite
article.
ὁ, ἡ, τό. (Masculine Definite Article) |
Masculine Nominative Singular | ὁ |
Masculine Genitive Singular | τοῦ |
Masculine Dative Singular | τῷ |
Masculine Accusative Singular | τόν |
Masculine Nominative and Accusative Dual | τώ |
Masculine Genitive and Dative Dual | τοῖν |
Masculine Nominative Plural | οἱ |
Masculine Genitive Plural | τῶν |
Masculine Dative Plural | τοῖς |
Masculine Accusative Plural | τούς |
ὁ, ἡ, τό. (Feminine Definite Article) |
Feminine Nominative Singular | ἡ |
Feminine Genitive Singular | τῆς |
Feminine Dative Singular | τῇ |
Feminine Accusative Singular | τήν |
Feminine Nominative and Accusative Dual | τώ |
Feminine Genitive and Dative Dual | τοῖν |
Feminine Nominative Plural | αἱ |
Feminine Genitive Plural | τῶν |
Feminine Dative Plural | ταῖς |
Feminine Accusative Plural | τάς |
ὁ, ἡ, τό. (Neuter Definite Article) |
Neuter Nominative Singular | τό |
Neuter Genitive Singular | τοῦ |
Neuter Dative Singular | τῷ |
Neuter Accusative Singular | τό |
Neuter Nominative and Accusative Dual | τώ |
Neuter Genitive and Dative Dual | τοῖν |
Neuter Nominative Plural | τά |
Neuter Genitive Plural | τῶν |
Neuter Dative Plural | τοῖς |
Neuter Accusative Plural | τά |
82.ADDITIONAL PARADIGMS.
οῖνος, ὁ (Wine) |
Nominative Singular | οἶνος |
Genitive Singular | οἴνου |
Dative Singular | οἴνῳ |
Accusative Singular | οἶνον |
Vocative Singular | οἶνε |
Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dual | οἴνω |
Genitive and Dative Dual | οἴνοιν |
Nominative and Vocative Plural | οἶνοι |
Genitive Plural | οἴνων |
Dative Plural | οἴνοις |
Accusative Plural | οἴνους |
ἡ στενὴ ὁδός (The Narrow Road) |
Nominative Singular | ἡ στενὴ ὁδός |
Genitive Singular | τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ |
Dative Singular | τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ |
Accusative Singular | τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν |
Vocative Singular | στενὴ ὁδέ |
Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dual | τὼ στενὰ ὁδώ |
Genitive and Dative Dual | τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν |
Nominative and Vocative Plural | αἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί |
Genitive Plural | τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν |
Dative Plural | ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς |
Accusative Plural | τὰς στενὰς ὁδούς |
πλοῖον μακρόν (A Long Boat) |
Nominative Singular | πλοῖον μακρόν |
Genitive Singular | πλοίου μακροῦ |
Dative Singular | πλοίῳ μακρῷ |
Accusative Singular | πλοῖον μακρόν |
Vocative Singular | πλοῖον μακρόν |
Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dual | πλοίω μακρώ |
Genitive and Dative Dual | πλοίοιν μακροῖν |
Nominative and Vocative Plural | πλοῖα μακρά |
Genitive Plural | πλοίων μακρῶν |
Dative Plural | πλοίοις μακροῖς |
Accusative Plural | πλοῖα μακρά |
a. Adjectives agree with their nouns not only in case and number but
also in gender. See the Rule of Syntax in 805. The adjective, therefore,
may be of the A-Declension while the noun is of the O-Declension,
as in ἡ στενὴ ὁδός above.
b. A postpositive word is one which is never placed first in its sentence,
but generally second.
83. VOCABULARY.
Κῦρος, ου, ὁ | Cyrus. |
ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ | road, way. |
οἷνος, ου, ὁ | wine |
ποταμός, οῦ, ὁ | river. |
στρατηγός, οῦ, ὁ | general. |
φανερός, ά, όν | adj., in plain sight, visible, evident. |
θηρίον, ου, τό | wild beast. |
ὅπλον, ου, τό | implement, Plur.arms.. |
πλοῖον, ου, τό | boat.. |
τόξον, ου, τό | bow.. |
ὁ, ἡ, τό | the def. art., the. |
ὦ | interj. with voc., O. |
δέ | conj., but, and (a postpositive). |
84. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
1. στενὴ ἡ ὁδός. |
2. ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦν1 θηρία. |
3. τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦν.1 |
4. ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγός. |
5. τόξα δέ, ὦ Κῦρε, οὐκ ἔχομεν. |
6. ὁδὸς φανερὸς ἄγει εἰς τὰς τοῦ Κύρου κώμᾱς. |
7. εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππους. |
8. τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπε. |
9. ἡ ὁδός, ὦ Κῦρε, ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόν. |
10. ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλα. |
NOTES.—1 A neuter Plural subject in Greek regularly has its verb in
the singular. See the Rule of Syntax in 802.—2 πλοῖα μακρά. Cf. Latin.
nᾱyuēs longae..
REVIEW AND PRACTICE: