LESSON XLVIII: Reflexive, Reciprocal, and Possessive Pronouns.
Paradigms of the Reflexive Pronouns
443. The reflexive pronouns are ἐμαυτοῦ, of myself, σεαυτοῦ, of yourself, ἑαυτοῦ, ἑαυτῆς, ἑαυτοῦ, of himself, herself, itself.
| ἐμαυτοῦ, of myself | |
|---|---|
| Masculine Genitive Singular | ἐμαυτοῦ |
| Masculine Dative Singular | ἐμαυτῷ |
| Masculine Accusative Singular | ἐμαυτόν |
| Masculine Genitive Plural | ἡμῶν αὐτῶν |
| Masculine Dative Plural | ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς |
| Masculine Accusative Plural | ἡμᾶς αὐτούς |
| ἐμαυτοῦ, of myself, | |
|---|---|
| Feminine Genitive Singular | ἐμαυτῆς |
| Feminine Dative Singular | ἐμαυτῇ |
| Feminine Accusative Singular | ἐμαυτήν |
| Feminine Genitive Plural | ἡμῶν αὐτῶν |
| Feminine Dative Plural | ἡμῖν αὐταῖς |
| Feminine Accusative Plural | ἡμᾶς αὐτάς |
| σεαυτοῦ, of yourself | |
|---|---|
| Masculine Genitive Singular | σεαυτοῦ |
| Masculine Dative Singular | σεαυτῷ |
| Masculine Accusative Singular | σεαυτόν |
| Masculine Genitive Plural | ὑμῶν αὐτῶν |
| Masculine Dative Plural | ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς |
| Masculine Accusative Plural | ὑμᾶς αὐτούς |
| σεαυτοῦ, of yourself | |
|---|---|
| Feminine Genitive Singular | σεαυτῆς |
| Feminine Dative Singular | σεαυτῇ |
| Feminine Accusative Singular | σεαυτήν |
| Feminine Genitive Plural | ὑμῶν αὐτῶν |
| Feminine Dative Plural | ὑμῖν αὐταῖς |
| Feminine Accusative Plural | ὑμᾶς αὐτάς |
| ἑαυτοῦ, ἑαυτῆς, ἑαυτοῦ, of himself, herself, itself. | |
|---|---|
| Masculine Genitive Singular | ἑαυτοῦ |
| Masculine Dative Singular | ἑαυτῷ |
| Masculine Accusative Singular | ἑαυτόν |
| Masculine Genitive Plural | ἑαυτῶν |
| Masculine Dative Plural | ἑαυτοῖς |
| Masculine Accusative Plural | ἑαυτούς |
| ἑαυτοῦ, ἑαυτῆς, ἑαυτοῦ, of himself, herself, itself. | |
|---|---|
| Feminine Genitive Singular | ἑαυτῆς |
| Feminine Dative Singular | ἑαυτῇ |
| Feminine Accusative Singular | ἑαυτήν |
| Feminine Genitive Plural | ἑαυτῶν |
| Feminine Dative Plural | ἑαυταῖς |
| Feminine Accusative Plural | ἑαυτάς |
| ἑαυτοῦ, ἑαυτῆς, ἑαυτοῦ, of himself, herself, itself. | |
|---|---|
| Neuter Genitive Singular | ἑαυτοῦ |
| Neuter Dative Singular | ἑαυτῷ or |
| Neuter Accusative Singular | ἑαυτό |
| Neuter Genitive Plural | ἑαυτῶν |
| Neuter Dative Plural | ἑαυτοῖς or |
| Neuter Accusative Plural | ἑαυτά |
Notes on the Formation and Use of the Reflexive Pronoun
445. The reflexive pronouns are compounded of the stems of the personal pronouns and αὐτός. But in the plural the two pronouns are declined separately in the first and second persons.
446. The reflexive pronouns refer to the subject of the clause in which they stand. Sometimes in a dependent clause they refer to the subject of the leading verb,— i.e. they are indirect reflexives.
Thus, ἀφιππεύει ἐπὶ τὴν αὑτοῦ σκηνήν, he rides away to his own quarters; ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμψαι πρὸς ἑαυτὸν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς, Cyrus ordered Aristippus to send the soldiers to him.
Paradigm of the Reciprocal Pronoun
447. Learn the declension of the reciprocal pronoun ἀλλήλων, of one another.
| ἀλλήλων, of one another | |
|---|---|
| Masculine Dative and Genitive Dual | ἀλλήλοιν |
| Masculine Accusative Dual | ἀλλήλω |
| Masculine Genitive Plural | ἀλλήλων |
| Masculine Dative Plural | ἀλλήλοις |
| Masculine Accusative Plural | ἀλλήλους |
| ἀλλήλων, of one another | |
|---|---|
| Feminine Dative and Genitive Dual | ἀλλήλαιν |
| Feminine Accusative Dual | ἀλλήλᾱ |
| Feminine Genitive Plural | ἀλλήλων |
| Feminine Dative Plural | ἀλλήλαις |
| Feminine Accusative Plural | ἀλλήλᾱς |
| ἀλλήλων, of one another | |
|---|---|
| Neuter Dative and Genitive Dual | ἀλλήλοιν |
| Neuter Accusative Dual | ἀλλήλω |
| Neuter Genitive Plural | ἀλλήλων |
| Neuter Dative Plural | ἀλλήλοις |
| Neuter Accusative Plural | ἄλληλα |
Formation of the Possessive Pronoun
448. The possessive pronouns are ἐμός, my, σός, your, ἡμέτερος, our, ὑμέτερος, your. They are formed from the stems of the personal pronouns (Lesson 47), and are declined like adjectives in ος (Lesson 14).
Grammatical Notes
806. An adjective or participle, generally with the article, may be used as a noun. Thus, οἱ πολέμιοι, the enemy, τὸ κωλῦον, the hindrance, κακόν, evil.
846. The genitive follows verbs signifying to taste, smell, hear, perceive, comprehend, remember, forget, desire, care for, spare, neglect, wonder at, admire, despise. Thus, οὔποτε ἡδίονος οἴνου γέγευμαι, I have never tasted finer wine, θορύβου ἤκουσε, he heard a noise, τούτων μέμνησθε; do you remember this? τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐπεμελεῖτο, he looked out for his men, μὴ ἀμελῶμεν ἡμῶν αὐτῶν, let us not neglect ourselves.
864. The dative is used with all words implying likeness or unlikeness, agreement or disagreement, union, or approach. This includes verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. Thus, ἡ πορείᾱ ὁμοίᾱ φυγῇ ἐγίγνετο, their march came to be like flight, Μαρσύᾱς Ἀπόλλωνι ἤρισε, Marsyas contended with Apollo, ἐπολέμει τοῖς Θρᾳξί, he carried on war with the Thracians, ἕψονται Κύρῳ, they will follow Cyrus, ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, at daybreak, πλησιάζει τοῖς πολεμίοις, he approaches the enemy.
449. VOCABULARY.
| ἀλλήλων(cf. ἄλλος) | reciprocal pronoun, of one another. |
| ἀμελέω, ἀμελήσω etc., | be careless, neglect. |
| ἀφ-ιππεύω, ἀφ-ιππεύσω(cf. ἵππος) | ride back, return on horseback. |
| ἑαυτοῦ, ῆς, οῦ | reflexive pronoun, of himself, herself, itself. |
| ἐμαυτοῦ, ῆς | reflexive pronoun, of myself. |
| ἐμός, ή, όν | possessive pronoun, my, mine. |
| ἡμέτερος, ᾱ, ον | our. |
| σεαυτοῦ, ῆς | reflexive pronoun, of thyself, yourself. |
| σός, σή, σόν | possessive pronoun, thy, your. |
| σχολαίως(cf. σχολή) | adv., slowly. |
| ὑμέτερος, ᾱ, ον | possessive pronoun, your. |
450. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
| 1. ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ σκηνὴν ἀφιππεύσω. |
| 2. Κῦρος δὲ μετεπέμπετο ἐκεῖνον πρὸς ἑαυτόν. |
| 3. τούτων τῶν χωρίων πάντων σατράπαι εἰσὶν οἱ τοῦ σοῦ1 ἀδελφοῦ φίλοι. |
| 4. λέγει δὲ ὅτι οἱ Ἕλληνες νῑκῶσι τὸ καθ᾿ ἑαυτούς. |
| 5. τὴν ὑμετέρᾱν ἀρετὴν ἐθαυμάσαμεν. |
| 6. ἐβόων δὲ ἀλλήλοις σχολαίως ἕπεσθαι. |
| 7. τοῦτον γὰρ ὁ ἐμὸς πατὴρ ἐκέλευσε πείθεσθαι ἐμοί. |
| 8. ἢν δ᾿ ἡμεῖς νῑκήσωμεν, δεῖ τοὺς ἡμετέρους φίλους τούτων2 ἐγκρατεῖς εἶναι. |
| 9. σὺ δὲ νῦν τὴν Κύρου χώρᾱν ἔχεις καὶ τὴν σεαυτοῦ ἀρχὴν σῴζεις. |
| 10. οὐχ ὥρᾱ ἐστὶν ἡμῖν ἀμελεῖν ἡμῶν αὐτῶν,3 ἀλλὰ βουλεύεσθαι περὶ τούτων. |
NOTES.—1 Nouns with a possessive pronoun take the article when they refer to definite individuals (809).—2 For the genitive, cf. 430, 4.—3 The genitive follows verbs signifying to neglect (846).—4 Use the dative (864).
452. Clearchus advances against Menon’s Troops.
ὁ δὲ Κλέαρχος καταφεύγει εἰς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ στράτευμα,
καὶ εὐθὺς παραγγέλλει εἰς τὰ ὅπλα· καὶ τοὺς μὲν ὁπλίτᾱς
αὐτοῦ ἐκέλευσε μένειν, τὰς ἀσπίδας πρὸς τὰ γόνατα ἔχοντας,
αὐτὸς δὲ λαβὼν τοὺς Θρᾷκας οἳ (who) ἦσαν αὐτῷ ἐν
NOTES.—3. αὐτοῦ: adv., there, i.e. where they were.—τὰς ἀσπίδας . . . ἔχοντας: the left knee was slightly advanced, the shield set firmly in rest upon it, and the spear held in readiness for defence.—4. λαβών: literally having taken, second aorist active participle of λαμβάνω.
