LESSON XLV: Contract Verbs in the Imperative.

Paradigms

420. Learn the conjugation of the present imperative active, middle, and passive of τῑμάω, ποιέω, and δηλόω.

Present Imperative Middle and Passive of τῑμάω
Second Person Singular(τίμαε) τίμᾱ
Third Person Singular(τῑμαέτω) τῑμάτω
Second Person Dual(τῑμάετον) τῑμᾶτον
Third Person Dual(τῑμαέτων) τῑμάτων
Second Person Plural(τῑμάετε) τῑμᾶτε
Third Person Plural(τῑμαόντων) τῑμώντων
Present Imperative Middle and Passive of τῑμάω
Second Person Singular(τῑμάου) τῑμῶ
Third Person Singular(τῑμαέσθω) τῑμάσθω
Second Person Dual(τῑμάεσθον) τῑμᾶσθον
Third Person Dual(τῑμαέσθων) τῑμάσθων
Second Person Plural(τῑμάεσθε) τῑμᾶσθε
Third Person Plural(τῑμαέσθων) τῑμάσθων
Present Imperative Active of ποιέω
Second Person Singular(ποίεε) ποίει
Third Person Singular(ποιεέτω) ποιείτω
Second Person Dual(ποιέετον) ποιεῖτον
Third Person Dual(ποιεέτων) ποιείτων
Second Person Plural(ποιέετε) ποιεῖτε
Third Person Plural(ποιεόντων) ποιούντων
Present Imperative Middle and Passive of ποιέω
Second Person Singular(ποιέου) ποιοῦ
Third Person Singular(ποιεέσθω) ποιείσθω
Second Person Dual(ποιέεσθον) ποιεῖσθον
Third Person Dual(ποιεέσθων) ποιείσθων
Second Person Plural(ποιέεσθε) ποιεῖσθε
Third Person Plural(ποιεέσθων) ποιείσθων
Present Imperative Active of δηλόω
Second Person Singular(δήλοε) δήλου
Third Person Singular(δηλοέτω) δηλούτω
Second Person Dual(δηλόετον) δηλοῦτον
Third Person Dual(δηλοέτων) δηλούτων
Second Person Plural(δηλόετε) δηλοῦτε
Third Person Plural(δηλοόντων) δηλούντων
Present Imperative Middle and Passive of δηλόω
Second Person Singular(δηλόου) δηλοῦ
Third Person Singular(δηλοέσθω) δηλούσθω
Second Person Dual(δηλόεσθον) δηλοῦσθον
Third Person Dual(δηλοέσθων) δηλούσθων
Second Person Plural(δηλόεσθε) δηλοῦσθε
Third Person Plural(δηλοέσθων) δηλούσθων

Rules of Contraction

421. Observe that

Rules of Contraction for Contract Verbs In The Imperative
1)α + ε = ᾱ;α + ο or ου = ω;
2)ε + ε = ει;ε + ο or ου = ου;
3)ο + ε, ο, or ου = ου.

Grammatical Notes

804. A noun annexed to another noun to describe it, and denoting the same person or thing, agrees with it in case. This is called apposition, and the noun thus used is called an appositive. Thus, Κῦρος, ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός, Πέρσης ἦν, Cyrus, the son of Darius, was a Persian.

833. Any verb whose meaning permits it may take an accusative of kindred signification. This accusative repeats the idea already contained in the verb, and may follow intransitive as well as transitive verbs. It is called the cognate accusative. Thus, πολεμεῖ ἄδικον πόλεμον, he wages an unjust war, τί σε ἠδίκησα; what wrong have I done you?

838. Verbs signifying to ask, demand, teach, remind, clothe, unclothe, conceal, deprive, and take away may take two object accusatives. Thus, ἡγεμόνα αἰτεῖτε Κῦρον, ask Cyrus for a guide, τοὺς παῖδας σωφροσύνην διδάσκουσι, they teach the lads self-control, ἀναμνήσω γὰρ ὑμᾶς τοὺς κινδύνους, I will remind you of the dangers, τὰ χρήματα Κῦρον οὐκ ἔκρυπτε, he did not conceal his possessions from Cyrus, τοὺς ἄνδρας ἀπεστερήκαμεν τὴν ναῦν, we have robbed the men of their ship.

866. The dative is used to denote cause, manner, and means or instrument. Thus, φιλίᾳ καὶ εὐνοίᾳ ἐβοήθουν αὐτῷ, they helped him because of their friendship and good will, πορεύονται κύκλῳ, they advance in a circle, αὐτοὺς φοβοῦσι τῇ κραυγῇ, they frighten them by their uproar, diabaqinoysi πλοίοις, they cross in boats, βούλεται ἡμῖν χρῆσθαι, he wishes to use (i.e. serve himself by) us, γένει προσήκει βασιλεῖ, in family he is related to the king.

422. VOCABULARY.

ἀπ-αιτέωask from, demand.
δεῦροadv., hither, here.
διφθέρᾱ, ᾱς, ἡtanned hide.
δρόμος, ου, ὁrun, race course.
ἰδιώτης, ου, ὁprivate person or soldier, private.
Λακεδαιμόνιος, ᾱ, ονLacedaemonian.
μη-κ-έτι (μή + ἔτι)adv., not again, no longer.
ὅπουrel. adv., where, wherever.
σχεδίᾱ, ᾱς, ἡraft, float.
τολμάω, τολμήσω etc., risk, dare.

423. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:

1. μὴ πολεμεῖτε ἄδικον πόλεμον1.
2. τολμάτω καὶ ὁ ἰδιώτης λέγειν.
3. μηκέτι ἀπαιτεῖτε τὸν μισθόν.
4. ὁρμᾶσθε εὐθὺς πεζῇ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐμπορίου.
5. ἐκ τῶν διφθερῶν σχεδίᾱς ποιεῖσθε.
6. κάλει τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους δεῦρο.
7. μηκέτι φοβοῦ, ὦ Κλέαρχε, μὴ κυκλωθῇς ἑκατέρωθεν.
8. ἡγεμόνα αἰτεῖτε2 Κῦρον, ἵνα διὰ φιλίᾱς τῆς χώρᾱς ἀπάγῃ.
9. ἐρώτᾱ δὲ αὐτοὺς τίνος δὴ ἕνεκα ἐστράτευσαν ἐπὶ τοὺς φίλους.
10. ἡγοῦ, ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ, ὅπου τὸν δρόμον πεποίηκας.

NOTES.—1 A cognate accusative (833).—2 Verbs signifying to ask take two object accusatives (838).

425. Traffic with Charmande across the Euphrates.

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου ποταμοῦ κατὰ τοὺς ἐρήμους σταθμοὺς ἦν πόλις, ὄνομα δὲ Χαρμάνδη· ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγόραζον τὰ ἐπιτήδεια, τὸν ποταμὸν διαβαίνοντες σχεδίαις ὧδε. εἰς τὰς διφθέρᾱς ἃς (which) εἶχον στεγάσματα τῶν σκηνῶν εἰσέβαλλον χόρτον κοῦφον, εἶτα συνῆγον καὶ συνέσπων, ἵνα μὴ βρεχθείη ἡ κάρφη. ἐπὶ τούτων διέβαινον καὶ ἐλάμβανον τὰ ἐπιτήδεια, οἶνόν τε καὶ σῖτον.

NOTES.—4. σχεδίαις: dative of instrument (866).—στεγάσματα: as coverings, an appositive (804).—6. συνέσπων: see συ-σπάω, draw or sew together.—κάρφη: = χόρτος κοῦφος.

REVIEW AND PRACTICE: