LESSON XLIV: Imperative Middle and Passive.
Personal Endings of the Imperative Middle and Passive
413. The personal endings in the middle and passive imperative are:
| Personal Ending of the Middle and Passive Imperative | |
|---|---|
| Second Person Singular | -σο |
| Third Person Singular | -σθω |
| Second Person Dual | -σθον |
| Third Person Dual | -σθων |
| Second Person Plural | -σθε |
| Third Person Plural | -σθων |
Paradigms: The Present and Aorist Imperative Middle and Passive of λύω
414. Learn the present, aorist, and perfect imperative middle and passive of λύω.
| Present Middle and Passive Imperative of λύω | |
|---|---|
| Second Person Singular | λύου |
| Third Person Singular | λῡέ-σθω |
| Second Person Dual | λύε-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | λῡέ-σθων |
| Second Person Plural | λύε-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | λῡέ-σθων |
| Aorist Middle and Passive Imperative of λύω | |
|---|---|
| Second Person Singular | λῦσαι |
| Third Person Singular | λῡσά-σθω |
| Second Person Dual | λύσα-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | λῡσά-σθων |
| Second Person Plural | λύσα-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | λῡσά-σθων |
415. The form λῦσαι in the aorist is irregular. The aorist passive uses the active endings (401), and lengthens the tense suffix θε to θη before a single consonant. λύθητι is for λυθη-θι.
416. VOCABULARY.
| αἰτιάομαι, αἰτιάσομαι, etc. | mid. dep., blame, reproach, accuse. |
| ἀ-παράσκευος, ον (cf. παρασκευή) | unprepared. |
| βιάζομαι (βιαδ), βιάσομαι etc. | mid. dep., force, compel, overpower. |
| ἕνεκα | improper prep. with gen., on account of. |
| ἐπισῑτισμός, οῦ, ὁ (cf. ἐπισῑτίζομαι) | a procuring of supplies, foraging. |
| παρα-κελεύομαι | urge along, exhort, urge. |
| χείρ, χειρός, ἡ | hand, arm. |
| χιτών, ῶνος, ὁ | undergarment. |
| χρῄζω (χρῃδ) | want, need, desire. |
| ψέλιον, ου, τό | armlet, bracelet. |
417. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
| 1. εἰ δὲ χρῄζεις, πορεύου ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος. |
| 2. εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροισθέντων οἱ Ἕλληνες. |
| 3. τὰ δὲ πλοῖα μὴ μεταπέμψησθε. |
| 4. παρακελεύεσθε Τισσαφέρνει στρεπτοὺς πέμπειν τοῖς ἄρχουσι καὶ ψέλια καὶ χιτῶνας. |
| 5. πορευέσθω ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ χειρὶ τὴν μάχαιραν ἔχων1. |
| 6. τὰ δὲ ἐπιτήδεια ἀγοράζεσθε καὶ συμπορεύθητε. |
| 7. εὐθὺς οὖν πορεύεσθε μετὰ Κύρου εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν ἐπισῑτισμοῦ ἕνεκα. |
| 8. μὴ αἰτιάσησθε τὸν ἄρχοντα ὅτι ἀπαράσκευός ἐστιν. |
| 9. τοῦτον, ὦ ἄνδρες στρατιῶται, παίετε καὶ βιάσασθε πορεύεσθαι. |
1. ἔχων: having, present participle, = with.
419. Splendid Discipline of the Persian Nobles.
ὥρμησαν γὰρ ὥσπερ περὶ νίκης κατὰ γηλόφου, ἔχοντες
τούς τε καλοὺς χιτῶνας καὶ τὰς ποικίλᾱς ἀναξυρίδας,
ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ στρεπτοὺς περὶ τοῖς τραχήλοις καὶ ψέλια
περὶ ταῖς χερσίν· εὐθὺς δὲ σὺν τούτοις εἰσεπήδησαν εἰς
ὁ δὲ Κῦρος ἔσπευδε πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδὸν καὶ οὐ διέτρῑβεν ὅπου μὴ ἐπισῑτισμοῦ ἕνεκα ἤ (or) τινος ἄλλου ἔδει· ἐβούλετο γὰρ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην ἀπαράσκευον λαμβάνειν.
