LESSON XXV: Labial and Palatal Mute Stems of the Consonant Declension
Formation of Consonant Declension Nouns
239. The Consonant Declension (also known as the third declension) includes all nouns
whose stems end in a consonant or in ι or υ. The stem may
generally be found by dropping the case ending of the genitive
singular.
240. The case endings are:
| MASCULINE AND FEMININE SINGULAR CONSONANT DECLENSION ENDINGS |
|---|
| Nominative | -ς or— |
| Genitive | -ος |
| Dative | -ι |
| Accusative | -α or -ν |
| Vocative | -ς or — |
| MASCULINE AND FEMININE PLURAL CONSONANT DECLENSION ENDINGS |
|---|
| Nominative | -ες |
| Genitive | -ων |
| Dative | -σι |
| Accusative | -ας or -νς |
| Vocative | -ες |
| NEUTER SINGULAR CONSONANT DECLENSION ENDINGS |
|---|
| Nominative | — |
| Genitive | -ος |
| Dative | -ι |
| Accusative | — |
| Vocative | — |
| NEUTER PLURAL CONSONANT DECLENSION ENDINGS |
|---|
| Nominative | -α |
| Genitive | -ων |
| Dative | -σι |
| Accusative | -α |
| Vocative | -α |
241. The dual Nominative, Accusative, and Vocative ending is -ε in all genders. The Genitive and Dative ending is -οιν in all genders.
PARADIGMS
242. Learn the declension of κλώψ, thief, φύλαξ, guard,
φάλαγξ, phalanx, and διῶρυξ, canal.
| κλώψ, ὁ (Thief) |
|---|
| Nominative and Vocative Singular | κλώψ |
| Genitive Singular | κλωπ-ός |
| Dative Singular | κλωπ-ί |
| Accusative Singular | κλῶπ-α |
| Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dual | κλῶπ-ε |
| Genitive and Dative Dual | κλωπ-οῖν |
| Nominative and Vocative Plural | κλῶπ-ες |
| Genitive Plural | κλωπ-ῶν |
| Dative Plural | κλωψί |
| Accusative Plural | κλῶπ-ας |
| φύλαξ, ὁ (Guard) |
|---|
| Nominative and Vocative Singular | φύλαξ |
| Genitive Singular | φύλακ-ος |
| Dative Singular | φύλακ-ι |
| Accusative Singular | φύλακ-α |
| Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dual | φύλακ-ε |
| Genitive and Dative Dual | φυλάκ-οιν |
| Nominative and Vocative Plural | φύλακ-ες |
| Genitive Plural | φυλάκ-ων |
| Dative Plural | φύλαξι |
| Accusative Plural | φύλακ-ας |
| φάλαγξ, ἡ (Phalanx) |
|---|
| Nominative and Vocative Singular | φάλαγξ |
| Genitive Singular | φάλαγγ-ος |
| Dative Singular | φάλαγγ-ι |
| Accusative Singular | φάλαγγ-α |
| Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dual | φάλαγγ-ε |
| Genitive and Dative Dual | φαλάγγ-οιν |
| Nominative and Vocative Plural | φάλαγγ-ες |
| Genitive Plural | φαλάγγ-ων |
| Dative Plural | φάλαγξι |
| Accusative Plural | φάλαγγ-ας |
| διῶρυξ, ἡ (Canal) |
|---|
| Nominative and Vocative Singular | διῶρυξ |
| Genitive Singular | διώρυχ-ος |
| Dative Singular | διώρυχ-ι |
| Accusative Singular | διώρυχ-α |
| Nominative Accusative and Vocative Dual | διώρυχ-ε |
| Genitive and Dative Dual | διωρύχ-οιν |
| Nominative and Vocative Plural | διώρυχ-ες |
| Genitive Plural | διωρύχ-ων |
| Dative Plural | διώρυξι |
| Accusative Plural | διώρυχ-ας |
Notes on the Formation of the Consonant Declension
243. In the nominative singular and dative plural ς unites with a
final labial (π β φ) in the stem to form ψ, with a final palatal (κ γ χ) to
form ξ.
244. Monosyllabic stems of the consonant declension accent
the last syllable in the genitive and dative of all numbers.
The endings -οιν and -ων are circumflexed.
GRAMMATICAL NOTES
864. The dative is used with all words implying likeness or unlikeness,
agreement or disagreement, union, or approach. This includes verbs, adjectives,
adverbs, and nouns. Thus, ἡ πορείᾱ ὁμοίᾱ φυγῇ ἐγίγνετο, their march
came to be like flight, Μαρσύᾱς Ἀπόλλωνι ἤρισε, Marsyas contended with
Apollo, ἐπολέμει τοῖς Θρᾳξί, he carried on war with the Thracians, ἕψονται
Κύρῳ, they will follow Cyrus, ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, at daybreak, πλησιάζει τοῖς
πολεμίοις, he approaches the enemy.
245. VOCABULARY.
| διῶρυξ, υχος, ἡ | canal, ditch. |
| εἰσβολή, ῆς, ἡ | entrance, pass. |
| ἔπ-ειμι | be on or upon, be over. |
| Θρᾷξ, Θρᾳκός, ὁ | a Thracian. |
| θώρᾱξ, ᾱκος, ὁ | breastplate. |
| κῆρθξ, ῡκος, ὁ | herald. |
| Κίλιξ, ικος, ὁ | a Cilician. |
| κλώψ, κλωπός, ὁ | thief. |
| φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος, ἡ | line of battle, phalanx. |
| φύλαξ, ακος, ὁ (cf. φυλάττω) | watcher, guard. |
246. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
| 1. Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς Θρᾷκας. |
| 2. ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγα. |
| 3. διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Κίλικος. |
| 4. τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ1 κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶν. |
| 5. ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακες. |
| 6. ἀλλ᾿ ἐν μέσῳ2 ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχος. |
| 7. οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξαν. |
| 8. τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν. |
| 9. τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦν. |
| 10. ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρθχα· γέφῡραι δ᾿ ἐπῆσαν. |
NOTES.—1 at daybreak (literally at the same time with the day). The
dative is used with words implying union(864). —2 ἐν μέσῳ: between.
248. The Troops are forced to halt at the Cilician Pass.
ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα. καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾶν
διήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται· πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν. ἐν
δὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς, καὶ ἀποκτείνει
Μεγαφέρνην, φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον· ἐπεβούλευε γὰρ
αὐτῷ. ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν· ἡ δὲ
εἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός, ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή· ἐλέγετο δὲ
καὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων, φυλάττων τὴν
εἰσβολήν. διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ.
NOTES.—1. Study the route on the map.—5. εἰσέβαλλον: they tried
to enter, imperfect of εἰσβάλλω, expressing attempted action.—6. ἁμαξιτός:
cf. ἅμαξα.—7. φυλάττων: guarding, present participle active.
REVIEW AND PRACTICE:
